A third response to the puzzle of why others have not imitated the TPS is to be found in the management education system. With a few honourable exceptions, such as the business schools at Hull, Lancaster, Cardiff and the Open University, it is extraordinary that systems thinking principles are so little taught. However, it is also difficult to think oneself into a new and counterintuitive form of acting; it is easier to act oneself into the new way of thinking. Systems thinking is only truly learned by doing, by action learning: it is only by doing that managers can unlearn, can find out for themselves where their current beliefs about the design and management of work are flawed, in order to put into place something that works systematically better, and can systemically be further improved. Whilst resistance from traditional command-and-control managers is often strong, once they ‘get’ systems thinking, there is usually no going back. Converts would often rather move than be forced to revert to a way of thinking they now know can’t work, and why