Fig. 2. Effect of PMA incubation time on PMA-qPCR signals of: viable (□), dead ( ), and
mixture of viable/dead ( ) P. agglomerans CPA-2 cells. Signal reductions were derived
by subtracting Cq values obtained from non-PMA treated cell aliquots from the Cq values
from PMA-treated cells (negative control). P. agglomerans cells were exposed to 30 μM
PMA during 5, 20, or 40 min of incubation and 20 min of LED light exposure. Means
with the same letter for each cell suspension are not significantly different (P b 0.05) ac-
cording to Student's t-test. Each column represents the mean of three independent
replicates.