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Legionellae are Gram-negative bacteria that are ubiquitous in freshwater environments as well as manmade water systems (Diederen, 2008; Fields et al., 2002). Many legionellae have been associated with human disease, and the most common mode of transmission is through inhalation of aerosolized water droplets containing the bacteria (Ko ̈nig et al., 2005; Muder & Yu, 2002; Whiley & Bentham, 2011). Inside the lung, legionellae utilize alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells for intracellular replication, resulting in a severe pneumonia referred to as Legionnaires’ disease (Fields et al., 2002). In rare cases, Legionella species can be isolated from extrapulmonary sites such as the heart (Lowry & Tompkins, 1993). At the time of writing, the genus Legionella comprised 54 species with validly published names and one genomospecies (Benson et al., 1996; Edelstein et al., 2012; Euze ́by, 1997; Yang et al., 2012).
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