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The Lessard – Lorange Model
According to research by Donald Lessard and Peter Lorange, a number of methods are available to international businesses for dealing with this problem. Lessard and Lorange point out three exchange rates that can be used to translate foreign currencies into the corporate currency in setting budgets and in the subsequent tracking of performance:
The initial rate, the spot exchange rate when the budget is adopted.
The projected rate, the spot exchange rate forecast for the end of the budget period (i.e., the forward rate).
The ending rate, the spot exchange rate when the budget and performance are being compared.
These three exchange rates imply nine possible combinations (see Figure 19.3). Lessard and Lorange ruled out four of the nine combinations as illogical and unreasonable; they are shown in Figure 19.3. For example, it would make no sense to use the ending rate to translate the budget and the initial rate to translate actual performance data. Any of the remaining five combinations might be used for setting budgets and evaluating performance.
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