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Phong Nha - Ke Bang can be compared to huge geological museum thanks to its complicated geological structure with different categories of stone including sandstone, quartz, schist, siliceous limestone, granite, granodiorite, diorite, applet, pegmatile, etc. Phong Nha - Ke Bang is the oldest and largest tropical karst formed 400 million years during the main geological periods of the Earthe, bearing the original topographic and geologic characteristics. Experiencing major tectonic phases, high moutain ranges and the depressed sedimentary basins were formed. These fluctations have also contributed to the diversity of geology, topography, and geomorphology.
PN-KB karst mountains can provide a lot of valuable information about the Earth's prolonged geological process through various periods, from the Ordovician Age - Silurian Age (about 463.9 - 430 million year ago) to the Quaternary Age (1.75 million years ago). It is also noteworthy to mention a geological characteristic - the system of underground rivers and grottos in Limestone Mountains.
In the non-karst geomorphologic area, there are many low mountains covered by a floristic carpet. The erosion has created a number of abrasion-accumulation terraces along the valleys of the Son and Chay rivers and at the margins of the central limestone massifs. The transition terrain consists of a diversity of rock intercalated by Limestone Mountains.
Besides the historical value of geology, topography, geomorphology, PN-KB is also favoured with the mysterious and majestic landscapes by nature. The PN-KB Natural Park still hides various myths of nature. It also has spectacular karst caves formed for hundreds of millions of years.
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