INTRODUCTIONClostridium diffi cile

INTRODUCTION
Clostridium diffi cile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of hospitalassociated
gastrointestinal illness and places a high burden on our
health-care system, with costs of 3.2 billion dollars annually ( 1,2 ).
Th is guideline provides recommendations for the diagnosis and
management of patients with CDI as well as for the prevention
and control of outbreaks. It supplements previously published
Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA)/Society of Hospital
Epidemiologists of America (SHEA) and European Society of
Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guidelines
( 3,4 ) and an evidence-based review ( 5 ).
Each section presents the key recommendations followed by a
summary of the evidence ( Table 1 ). Th e GRADE system was used
to grade the strength of our recommendations and the quality of
the evidence ( 6). Th e strength of a recommendation is graded as
“ strong ” , when the evidence shows the benefi t of the intervention
or treatment clearly outweighs any risk, and as “ conditional ” , when
uncertainty exists about the risk – benefi t ratio. Th e quality of the
evidence is graded as follows: “ high ” , if further research is unlikely
to change our confi dence in the estimate of the eff ect; “ moderate ” ,
if further research is likely to have an important impact and may change the estimate; and “ low ” , if further research is very likely to
change the estimate.

Results (Indonesian) 2:

PENDAHULUAN
Clostridium infeksi diffi Cile (CDI) merupakan penyebab utama dari hospitalassociated
penyakit gastrointestinal dan menempatkan beban tinggi pada kami
sistem perawatan kesehatan, dengan biaya 3,2 miliar dolar per tahun (1,2).
Th adalah pedoman berisi rekomendasi untuk diagnosis dan
manajemen pasien dengan CDI serta untuk pencegahan
dan pengendalian wabah. Ini suplemen diterbitkan sebelumnya
Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) / Masyarakat Rumah Sakit
Epidemiologi Amerika (Shea) dan European Society of
Mikrobiologi Klinik dan pedoman Infectious Diseases (ESCMID)
(3,4) dan review berbasis bukti (5).
setiap bagian menyajikan rekomendasi kunci diikuti dengan
ringkasan dari bukti (Tabel 1). Th sistem e GRADE digunakan
untuk kelas kekuatan rekomendasi kami dan kualitas
bukti (6). E kekuatan th rekomendasi dinilai sebagai
"kuat", ketika bukti menunjukkan t benefi dari intervensi
atau perlakuan jelas melampaui risiko apapun, dan sebagai "kondisional", ketika
ketidakpastian tentang risiko - rasio t benefi. Kualitas e th
bukti dinilai sebagai berikut: "tinggi", jika penelitian lebih lanjut tidak mungkin
untuk mengubah dence kerahasiaan kami di estimasi dll eff; "Moderat",
jika penelitian lebih lanjut mungkin memiliki dampak penting dan dapat berubah estimasi; dan "rendah", jika penelitian lebih lanjut sangat mungkin untuk
mengubah estimasi.