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BNT powder was prepared using the soft combustion technique. Bismuth nitrateand sodium nitrate were mixed and dissolved at 40 ◦C in 2-methoxyethanol. For PrdopedBNT synthesis, praseodymium nitrate (5, 10, or 20 mol%) was mixed withbismuth nitrate and sodium nitrate. 1mol of glycine was added into the solution toaid the combustion process. In parallel, 1mol of titanium isopropoxidewasdissolvedseparately in 2-methoxyethanol and acetylacetone. The acetylacetone functions asa chelating agent in the reaction. Next, the prepared titanium solution was continuouslystirred into the prepared bismuth and sodium solution or Pr-doped bismuthsodium solution for 2 h, producing a yellowish homogeneous solution. The mixturewas then heated to 130 ◦C on a hot plate with continuous stirring. Evaporation transformedthe mixture into a viscous brownish solution. Continued heating at 130 ◦Cled to combustion and the formation of foam. Next, the foam was ground using anagate mortar to form fine powder. The resulting powder was calcined at 800 ◦C for3 h. The calcined powder was then pressed into pellets using 52.2 bar of pressure.The pellets were then sintered at 1100 ◦C for 3 h at a heating rate of 5 ◦C/min
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