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2.3. Investor belief measures in the aggregate market level and company levelBagnoli et al. (2009)provide partial evidence that analysts' recommendations may be influenced by market sentiment.Here, we suggest that high market sentiment may cause significant analyst target price bias. However, the absence of the composite market sentiment index like theBWindex in the Taiwan equity market compelled us to measure aggregate market sentiment in an alternative way. FollowingBaker and Stein (2004)andBaker and Wurgler (2000, 2006), we adopt the monthlyshare turnover rate (TURN), the yearly number ofIPOs (NIPO) and yearly averagefirst-day returns ofIPOs (RIPO) to computethis measure.Given that analysts' targets are sometimes biased, we want to know whether or not the bias is affected by investor beliefs inthe company and aggregate market level, analyst-specific characteristics, and company-specific characteristics. We argue that inaddition to market consensus, investor beliefs of company level may influence analyst price targets. FollowingKumar and Lee(2006), we use the trading activities of all investors of the particular stock to construct the buy-sell imbalances (BSI)tomeasureinvestor beliefs for the underlying stock. The BSIfor any stock prior to the announcement date could be shown as follows:
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