Received 5 November 2009Received in

Received 5 November 2009
Received in revised form 17 August 2010 Accepted 24 September 2010
Keywords:
Prenatal depression Early development
Contents
abstract
This review of recent research on prenatal depression suggests that it is a strong predic- tor of postpartum depression and is more common than postpartum depression. Prenatal depression has been associated with excessive activity and growth delays in the fetus as well as prematurity, low birthweight, disorganized sleep and less responsiveness to stim- ulation in the neonate. Infants of depressed mothers have difficult temperament, and later in development attentional, emotional and behavioral problems have been noted during childhood and adolescence, as well as chronic illnesses in adulthood. Several variables have confounded the effects of prenatal depression including comorbid anxiety and anger as well as stressful life events. Potential mediating variables are low prenatal maternal dopamine and serotonin levels and elevated cortisol and norepinephrine. The associated intrauterine artery resistance may limit blood flow, oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Some studies also suggest the heritability of developmental problems for the children of prenatally depressed mothers, including ADHD and antisocial behavior. Multivariate, longitudinal research is needed to disentangle these confounding and mediating variables.
© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All

Results (Indonesian) 1:

Menerima 5 November 2009Diterima dalam bentuk direvisi 17 Agustus 2010 diterima 24 September 2010Kata kunci:Prenatal depresi perkembangan awalIsiabstrakReview ini penelitian terbaru pada prenatal depresi menunjukkan bahwa kuat predic-tor depresi pascamelahirkan dan lebih umum daripada depresi pascamelahirkan. Prenatal depresi telah dikaitkan dengan penundaan aktivitas dan pertumbuhan janin serta birthweight lahir prematur, rendah, teratur tidur dan kurang respon terhadap stim-orang pada neonatus yang dikenal. Bayi tertekan ibu memiliki temperamen yang sulit, dan kemudian dalam pengembangan attentional, masalah emosional dan perilaku telah dicatat selama masa kanak-kanak dan remaja, serta penyakit kronis di masa dewasa. Beberapa variabel telah mengutuk efek depresi prenatal termasuk komorbiditas kecemasan dan kemarahan serta peristiwa-peristiwa kehidupan yang penuh stres. Potensi menengahi variabel yang rendah dopamin ibu prenatal dan kadar serotonin dan peningkatan kortisol dan norepinefrin. Perlawanan arteri intrauterin terkait mungkin membatasi aliran darah, oksigen dan nutrisi ke janin. Beberapa studi juga menyarankan heritability masalah perkembangan anak-anak ibu prenatally tertekan, termasuk ADHD dan prilaku anti Social. Penelitian multivarian, longitudinal diperlukan untuk menguraikan ini membingungkan dan mediasi variabel.© 2010 Elsevier Inc semua