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4. DiscussionThe initial screening of the methanol extract ofP.betleleaves at 500 ppm showed an activity comparableto 5 ppm of chlorhexidine in both the broth and platedilution assays. Partitioning of the methanol extract intothe ether, ethylacetate, aqueous methanol fractions wasdone to further identify the active constituents. Thebiofilm assay, saliva chip model, and the VSC assaysindicated that all the activity resided in the etherfraction. The major constituent of the ether fractionwas identified to be APC which represents 80% (w/w) ofthe ether fraction. This ether fraction showed an activityquite comparable to APC in the biofilm assays (bothagainst anaerobes and pooled saliva) and VSC assays(using F. nucleatum and pooled saliva samples). TheAPC in the saliva chip model for anti-microbial activity,and the VSC assay using pooled saliva, showed a slightincrease in activity over ether fraction. These resultsclearly suggest that the reduction in the VSC productionby the oral anaerobic bacteria examined herein is largelydue to the anti-microbial activity of APC.
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