According to Johnson and Johnson, major types of behaviors in collaborative learning
situations should include working in small groups, observing each other’s works and efforts,
helping each other to achieve their group goal, giving and receiving constructive feedback, sharing
learning resources, information and insights, peer tutoring, and discussing and challenging each
other’s contributions. In addition, Curtis and Lawson emphasize the importance of the
synchronous and interactive response to a goal, problem, or need that is jointly shared by all the
members, organizing group work, initiating further collaborative activities, and explaining and
elaborating information, In terms of online collaboration, Curtis and Lawson add the presence of
social elements to supplement face to face interactions and commenting and reflection on the
medium and its features.