to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and  translation - to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and  Indonesian how to say

to be taught to new members as the

to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel in
relation to those problems” (p. 385). Organizational culture can also be defined
in terms of both its causes and effects. Using an outcomes perspective, we can
define culture as a manifest pattern of behavior, consistent behavioral patterns
observed across a group of individuals, or “the way we do things around here.”
Culture thus defines consistent ways in which people perform tasks, solve
problems, resolve conflicts, treat customers and employees, and so on. Using
a process perspective, culture can also be defined as a set of mechanisms
such as informal values, norms, and beliefs that control how individuals and
groups in an organization interact with each other and people outside the
organization.
Morgan (1977) found that some key elements of organizational culture
include:


s
s
s
s
s
s



s


Stated and unstated values.
Overt and implicit expectations for member behavior.
Customs and rituals.
Stories and myths about the history of the group.
Shop talk—typical language used in and about the group.
Climate—the feelings evoked by the way members interact with one another,
with outsiders, and with their environment, including the physical space they
occupy.
Metaphors and symbols—may be unconscious or embodied in other cultural

elements.

Other authors define corporate culture as the set of understandings (often
unstated) that members of a community share in common. Shared under-
standings consist of norms, values, attitudes, beliefs, and paradigms (Sathe,
1985). The Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary defines culture as the
“integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thought, speech, action,
and artifacts and depends on man’s capacity for learning and transmitting
knowledge to succeeding generations.” Organizational culture can be taught
to new members of the organization as the “correct” or accepted way to
think, perceive, and feel with respect to organizational work, problems, and
so forth.
Although every organization has its own culture, strong or weak, most
organizations do not create their culture consciously. Culture is created and
ingrained into people’s lives unconsciously. Unless special effort is taken, people
will not recognize that the attitudes, beliefs, and visions they have always taken
for granted are actually standardized assumptions that they may pass on to
future generations. The difficulty of making sense of culture lies in the fact that
even though the artifacts of culture can be easily sensed, the core of the culture
values, which are defined as “broad, nonspecific feelings of good and evil,
beautiful and ugly, normal and abnormal, rational and irrational are often
unconscious and rarely discussable” (Hofstede et al., 1990 p. 291). Cultural
artifacts are both conceptual (such as language) and material. They mediate
interaction with the world, coordinating people’s activities with the physical
world and with each other.


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to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel inrelation to those problems” (p. 385). Organizational culture can also be definedin terms of both its causes and effects. Using an outcomes perspective, we candefine culture as a manifest pattern of behavior, consistent behavioral patternsobserved across a group of individuals, or “the way we do things around here.”Culture thus defines consistent ways in which people perform tasks, solveproblems, resolve conflicts, treat customers and employees, and so on. Usinga process perspective, culture can also be defined as a set of mechanismssuch as informal values, norms, and beliefs that control how individuals andgroups in an organization interact with each other and people outside theorganization.Morgan (1977) found that some key elements of organizational cultureinclude: sssssss Stated and unstated values.Overt and implicit expectations for member behavior.Customs and rituals.Stories and myths about the history of the group.Shop talk—typical language used in and about the group.Climate—the feelings evoked by the way members interact with one another,with outsiders, and with their environment, including the physical space theyoccupy.Metaphors and symbols—may be unconscious or embodied in other cultural elements.Other authors define corporate culture as the set of understandings (oftenunstated) that members of a community share in common. Shared under-standings consist of norms, values, attitudes, beliefs, and paradigms (Sathe,1985). The Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary defines culture as the“integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thought, speech, action,and artifacts and depends on man’s capacity for learning and transmittingknowledge to succeeding generations.” Organizational culture can be taughtto new members of the organization as the “correct” or accepted way tothink, perceive, and feel with respect to organizational work, problems, andso forth.Although every organization has its own culture, strong or weak, mostorganizations do not create their culture consciously. Culture is created andingrained into people’s lives unconsciously. Unless special effort is taken, peoplewill not recognize that the attitudes, beliefs, and visions they have always takenfor granted are actually standardized assumptions that they may pass on tofuture generations. The difficulty of making sense of culture lies in the fact thateven though the artifacts of culture can be easily sensed, the core of the culturevalues, which are defined as “broad, nonspecific feelings of good and evil,beautiful and ugly, normal and abnormal, rational and irrational are oftenunconscious and rarely discussable” (Hofstede et al., 1990 p. 291). Culturalartifacts are both conceptual (such as language) and material. They mediateinteraction with the world, coordinating people’s activities with the physicalworld and with each other.
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diajarkan kepada anggota baru sebagai cara yang benar untuk memahami, berpikir dan merasa dalam
kaitannya dengan masalah tersebut "(hal. 385). Budaya organisasi juga dapat didefinisikan
dari segi penyebab dan efek. Menggunakan perspektif hasil, kita dapat
de fi budaya ne sebagai pola nyata perilaku, pola perilaku yang konsisten
diamati di seluruh kelompok individu, atau "cara kita melakukan hal-hal di sekitar sini."
Budaya sehingga mendefinisikan cara yang konsisten di mana orang melakukan tugas-tugas, memecahkan
masalah , menyelesaikan konflik, memperlakukan pelanggan dan karyawan, dan sebagainya. Menggunakan
perspektif proses, budaya juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai seperangkat mekanisme
seperti nilai-nilai informal norma, dan keyakinan yang mengontrol bagaimana individu dan
kelompok dalam suatu organisasi berinteraksi satu sama lain dan orang-orang di luar
organisasi.
Morgan (1977) menemukan bahwa beberapa elemen kunci dari budaya organisasi
antara lain: s s s s s s s . Lain dan nilai-nilai tak tertulis . yang jelas baru dan harapan implisit untuk perilaku anggota . Bea dan ritual . Cerita dan mitos tentang sejarah kelompok Toko bicara khas bahasa yang digunakan dalam dan sekitar kelompok. Iklim-perasaan yang ditimbulkan oleh cara anggota berinteraksi satu sama lain, dengan pihak luar, dan dengan lingkungannya, termasuk ruang fisik mereka tempati. Metafora dan simbol-mungkin tidak sadar atau diwujudkan dalam budaya lainnya elemen. Penulis lain mendefinisikan perusahaan budaya sebagai seperangkat pemahaman (sering tak tertulis) bahwa anggota sebuah komunitas yang sama. Bersama memahami klasemen terdiri dari norma-norma, nilai-nilai, sikap, keyakinan, dan paradigma (Sathe, 1985). The Webster New Collegiate Dictionary mendefinisikan budaya sebagai "pola terintegrasi dari perilaku manusia yang meliputi pikiran, ucapan, tindakan, dan artefak dan tergantung pada kemampuan manusia untuk belajar dan transmisi pengetahuan dari generasi ke generasi. "Budaya organisasi dapat diajarkan kepada anggota baru organisasi sebagai cara yang "benar" atau diterima berpikir, merasakan, dan merasakan terhadap kerja organisasi, masalah, dan sebagainya. Meskipun setiap organisasi memiliki budaya sendiri, kuat atau lemah, kebanyakan organisasi tidak menciptakan budaya mereka sadar. Budaya dibuat dan mendarah daging dalam kehidupan masyarakat secara tidak sadar. Kecuali upaya khusus diambil, orang tidak akan menyadari bahwa sikap, keyakinan, dan visi mereka selalu diambil untuk diberikan benar-benar standar asumsi bahwa mereka mungkin menyampaikan kepada generasi mendatang. Kesulitan membuat rasa budaya terletak pada kenyataan bahwa meskipun artefak budaya dapat dengan mudah dirasakan, inti dari budaya nilai-nilai, yang didefinisikan sebagai "luas, tidak spesifik fi c perasaan yang baik dan yang jahat, indah dan jelek, normal dan abnormal, rasional dan irasional sering tidak sadar dan jarang discussable "(Hofstede et al., 1990 p. 291). Budaya artefak keduanya konseptual (seperti bahasa) dan material. Mereka menengahi interaksi dengan dunia, mengkoordinasikan kegiatan masyarakat dengan fisik dunia dan satu sama lain.



















































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