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Occurrence of EPs can result from point (mainly urban and industry ) or diffuse (agriculture) pollution.Thetransport of EPs from diffuse sources to the sink (water bodies)strongly depends on the EPs properties (Farré et al.,2010; Geissen et al.,2010) such as volatility, polarity, adsorption properties , persistence and the properties of theinteracting compartments. EPs from urban or industrial waste water treatment plants are directly discharged intorivers where their environmental fate is of concern (degradation, sorption at the sediment,transport in the aqueousphase).EPs can undergo significant biodegradation and transformation in effluent-impacted surface waters andgroundwater. Biodegradation depends on the presence of a community of organisms able to transform thecontaminants through metabolic networks and the bioavailability of contaminants,especially in sediments and soil.The natural biodegradation can vary significantly between compounds and has not been specifically studied for manyEPs like hormones,detergents and pharmaceuticals(Bradley, Barber, Kolpin, McMahon, & Chapelle,2008) . Themost desirable approach for realistic biodegradation simulation tests is using experimental systems that approximatereal environmental conditions as much as possible. Intermediates and/or end-products of the photodegradation of EPsmay also exhibit properties which appreciably affect the living environment (Xie et al.,2012).
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