EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORSClostridium diffi cile ( C. diffi cile )  translation - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORSClostridium diffi cile ( C. diffi cile )  Indonesian how to say

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORSClostr

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
Clostridium diffi cile ( C. diffi cile ) is a Gram-positive, sporeforming
bacterium usually spread by the fecal-oral route. It is
non-invasive and produces toxins A and B that cause disease,
ranging from asymptomatic carriage, to mild diarrhea, to
colitis, or pseudomembranous colitis. CDI is defi ned as the
acute onset of diarrhea with documented toxigenic C. diffi cile or
its toxin and no other documented cause for diarrhea ( 3 ).
Rates of CDI have been increasing since 2000, especially in the
elderly with a recent hospitalization or residing in long-term care
facility (LTCF). Carriage of C. diffi cile occurs in 5– 15% of healthy
adults, but may be as high as 84.4 % in newborns and healthy infants,
and up to 57 % in residents in LTCF. Transmission in health-care
facilities results mostly from environmental surface contamination
and hand carriage by staff members and infected patients.
Th e two biggest risk factors are exposure to antibiotics
and exposure to the organism; others are comorbid conditions,
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EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORSClostridium diffi cile ( C. diffi cile ) is a Gram-positive, sporeformingbacterium usually spread by the fecal-oral route. It isnon-invasive and produces toxins A and B that cause disease,ranging from asymptomatic carriage, to mild diarrhea, tocolitis, or pseudomembranous colitis. CDI is defi ned as theacute onset of diarrhea with documented toxigenic C. diffi cile orits toxin and no other documented cause for diarrhea ( 3 ).Rates of CDI have been increasing since 2000, especially in theelderly with a recent hospitalization or residing in long-term carefacility (LTCF). Carriage of C. diffi cile occurs in 5– 15% of healthyadults, but may be as high as 84.4 % in newborns and healthy infants,and up to 57 % in residents in LTCF. Transmission in health-carefacilities results mostly from environmental surface contaminationand hand carriage by staff members and infected patients.Th e two biggest risk factors are exposure to antibioticsand exposure to the organism; others are comorbid conditions,
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EPIDEMIOLOGI DAN RISIKO FAKTOR
Clostridium diffi Cile (C. diffi Cile) adalah Gram-positif, sporeforming
bakteri biasanya menyebar melalui rute fecal-oral. Ini adalah
non-invasif dan menghasilkan toksin A dan B yang menyebabkan penyakit,
mulai dari kereta tanpa gejala, diare ringan, untuk
radang usus, atau kolitis pseudomembran. CDI adalah defi ned sebagai
onset akut diare dengan didokumentasikan toksigenik C. Cile diffi atau
toksin dan tidak ada penyebab terdokumentasi lain untuk diare (3).
Tarif dari CDI telah meningkat sejak tahun 2000, terutama pada
usia lanjut dengan rawat inap baru atau bertempat tinggal dalam perawatan jangka panjang
fasilitas (LTCF). Pengangkutan C. Cile diffi terjadi pada 5- 15% dari yang sehat
orang dewasa, tetapi mungkin setinggi 84,4% pada bayi baru lahir dan bayi sehat,
dan sampai 57% pada penduduk di LTCF. Transmisi dalam perawatan kesehatan
fasilitas hasil sebagian besar dari kontaminasi permukaan lingkungan
dan kereta tangan oleh anggota staf dan pasien yang terinfeksi.
Th e dua faktor risiko terbesar adalah paparan antibiotik
dan paparan organisme; lain kondisi komorbiditas,
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