virgin and logged-over areas (50% o

virgin and logged-over areas (50% of the total area) in order to make profit
from the allowable cut, which is 9,600 cub.m. within the next 10 years in
the whole productive area. The abandoned shifting cultivation areas and
Imperata grasslands are converted into Acacia mangium plantations, as in
Strategy 1.
In Strategy 3, called Multiple Use Strategy, the fringe virgin forest and
400 ha of the logged-over forest adjacent to the fringe (113 of the whole
area) are gazetted as a nature reserve with only traditional local uses
(harvesting of ironwood and rattan, hunting, etc.) allowed. TPTI is continued
in the remaining half of the logged-over forest area. All secondary
forests are converted into exotic tree plantations. Imperata grasslands are
set aside for local people as farmland.
In strategy 4 (Intensified TPTIStrategy), TPTI is conducted as in Strategy
2, but instead of converting secondary forests into exotic plantations,
they are enriched with dipterocarps planted in roys and gaps (500 seedlings
per ha) employing the methods presented by Adjers et al. (1995). An
annual increment between 8-17 cub.m./ha is a feasible target, depending
on specific site conditions and species planted (see also Korpelainen et al.
1995 in print). However, during the first 10 years after planting, no trees
reach the minimum DBH for harvesting. Imperata grasslands are converted
into fast-growing exotic tree plantations.
Strategy 5 (Forest Reclamation Strategy) involves gazetting of the virgin
forest fringe (10%). All logged-over forests are utilized by careful
application of the TPTI system as in Strategies 2-3. All abandoned shifting
cultivation areas, both the secondary forests and the Imperata grasslands,
are planted with dipterocarps using the techniques presented by Adjers et
al. (1995) and Kuusipalo et al. (1995).
The bulk of the area represents low-productive logged-over or secondary
forest. Therefore, the Plantation Establishment Strategy is a tempting
alternative for the concession holder who can obtain interest-free loan and
other incentives for the relatively costly investments from the Government
through its HTI Programme. The Conventional TPTI Strategy is largely
followed by the concessionaires operating in similar conditions. It would
also include the conversion of degraded forcst areas (shifting cultivated
and Imperata-dominated lands) into commercial timber plantations. The
Multiple-Use Strategy would involve the division of the area into land
classes for different purposes, i.e., nature conservation, timber production
and traditional agriculture. The Intensified TPTI and Forest Restoration
Strategy are based on research and development work carried out in various
silvicultural~esearch projects in South and East Kalimantan (see Kollert
et al. 1994, Adjers et al. 1995, Korpelainen et al. 1995 in print).