Most philosophers reject the theory of ethical relativism for a variety of reasons (Pojman, 1989; Rachels, 1999; Velasuez, 1997, 1998). One argument against ethical relativism observes that just because two people have different ethical beliefs does not, in and of itself, mean that they are both right and that there is no way to judge between them. A second argument against ethical relativism is that there are some moral standards that a society must adopt if the society is to survive; for example, it would be difficult for a society to survive without at least some prohibitions on the murder of members of the society. A third argument is that appear to be cultural differences in moral standards may only be surface differences that obscure underlying commonalities.