MARKETING MIXThe most fundamental concept of marketing, the marketing  translation - MARKETING MIXThe most fundamental concept of marketing, the marketing  Vietnamese how to say

MARKETING MIXThe most fundamental c

MARKETING MIX
The most fundamental concept of marketing, the marketing mix, proposed by McCarthy [17],
is one of mostly used marketing frameworks for determining a product or brand's offerings that will
suit consumers’ needs. Marketing mix composes the four elements, usually regarded as four P's:
price, product, promotion, and place.
1. Product [5]: the specifications of the actual goods or services, and how it relates to the
end-user's needs and wants. Product is considered as the value being delivered to the customers.
Value can be delivered through physical product itself, brand name, company reputation, pre-sale
education provided by salespeople, post-sale technical support, repair service, financing plans,
convenient availability, word-of-mouth reference, reputation of purchase place, etc.
Tourism product [38] consists of a combination of tangible and intangible elements. Since
the potential customers “buy” the product before they actually “acquire” the product, purchasing
decision made by the tourists is based on the promise of the product, that is established by what they
see in the promotional material (i.e. package itinerary, menu)
2. Price [5]: the amount that a customer pays for the product. The combination of product,
place and promotion determines value perceived by a customer, which is later translated to the price
that customer is willing to pay for.
26
Price of tourism product [38], at a practical level, can be determined by considering the cost
of running the business, the willingness to pay by the demand, the prices of the competition and the
commission to be provided to resellers (tour operators or other intermediaries). Two frequently used
terms in pricing are rack price and net price. Rack prices are the prices published in promotional
materials without discounts. Net prices (or net rates), are the rack prices less the commission offered
to resellers.
3. Place (distribution) [5]: the market channel that the product gets to the customer. It is not
referred as a physical location, but rather a set of mechanism or network via which a product gets in
touch with customers. Rangan [27] identified eight generic market channel functions as product
information, product customization, product quality assurance, lot size, product assortment,
availability, after-sale service, and logistics.
The tourism product [38] is not distributed to the client, but the clients travel to the product.
Thus, tourism distribution is related to where service providers distribute the information about the
service (trade shows, resellers, webpages, etc.) and physical location where the product is distributed.
4. Promotion [5]: the communication with customers in order to foster their awareness of
the product, knowledge about its features, interest in purchasing, likelihood of trying the product
and/or repurchase the product This includes any possible way of communications, such as
advertising, sales promotion, publicity, PR, direct marketing, digital marketing, sponsorship and
personal selling, etc. Effective marketing requires integrated communication methods, not just a
single way.
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HỖN HỢP TIẾP THỊKhái niệm cơ bản nhất của tiếp thị, tiếp thị mix, đề xuất bởi McCarthy [17],là một chủ yếu được sử dụng khuôn khổ tiếp thị để xác định một sản phẩm hoặc dịch vụ của thương hiệu sẽphù hợp với nhu cầu của người tiêu dùng. Tiếp thị pha trộn composes bốn yếu tố, thường được coi là bốn P:giá, sản phẩm, xúc tiến, và địa điểm.1. sản phẩm [5]: thông số kỹ thuật thực tế hàng hoá hoặc dịch vụ, và làm thế nào nó liên quan đến cácngười dùng nhu cầu và mong muốn. Sản phẩm được xem là giá trị đang được giao hàng cho khách hàng.Giá trị có thể được gửi thông qua sản phẩm vật lý riêng của mình, thương hiệu, công ty danh tiếng, Pre-bángiáo dục cung cấp bởi nhân viên bán hàng, sau bán hàng hỗ trợ kỹ thuật, Dịch vụ sửa chữa, tài chính kế hoạch,thuận tiện sẵn có, tài liệu tham khảo word-of-miệng, danh tiếng của mua place, vv.Sản phẩm du lịch [38] bao gồm một sự kết hợp của các yếu tố hữu hình và vô hình. Kể từCác khách hàng tiềm năng "mua" sản phẩm trước khi họ thực sự "có được" sản phẩm, Muaquyết định được thực hiện bởi khách du lịch dựa trên lời hứa của sản phẩm, mà được thành lập bởi những gì họnhìn thấy trong tài liệu quảng cáo (tức là gói hành trình, đơn)2. giá [5]: số tiền mà một khách hàng trả tiền cho sản phẩm. Sự kết hợp của sản phẩm,địa điểm và khuyến mãi xác định giá trị cảm nhận của khách hàng, đó là sau đó dịch sang giákhách hàng đó là sẵn sàng trả cho.26Giá của sản phẩm du lịch [38], ở một mức độ thực tế, có thể được xác định bằng cách xem xét chi phíof running the business, the willingness to pay by the demand, the prices of the competition and thecommission to be provided to resellers (tour operators or other intermediaries). Two frequently usedterms in pricing are rack price and net price. Rack prices are the prices published in promotionalmaterials without discounts. Net prices (or net rates), are the rack prices less the commission offeredto resellers.3. Place (distribution) [5]: the market channel that the product gets to the customer. It is notreferred as a physical location, but rather a set of mechanism or network via which a product gets intouch with customers. Rangan [27] identified eight generic market channel functions as productinformation, product customization, product quality assurance, lot size, product assortment,availability, after-sale service, and logistics.The tourism product [38] is not distributed to the client, but the clients travel to the product.Thus, tourism distribution is related to where service providers distribute the information about theservice (trade shows, resellers, webpages, etc.) and physical location where the product is distributed.4. Promotion [5]: the communication with customers in order to foster their awareness ofthe product, knowledge about its features, interest in purchasing, likelihood of trying the productand/or repurchase the product This includes any possible way of communications, such asadvertising, sales promotion, publicity, PR, direct marketing, digital marketing, sponsorship and
personal selling, etc. Effective marketing requires integrated communication methods, not just a
single way.
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