solutions for the number of factors can be obtained. Well-interpretable solutions were the two-, three- and four-factor solution. When extracting more than four factors they are no longer interpretable theoretically, although seven factors have an eigenvalue larger than one. Two factors distinguish between active and passive leadership. The four-factor solu-tion yields a transformational, a passive and two transactional factors, almost identical to contingent reward and active management-by-exception. The solution deemed most important in this study, mainly for theoretical reasons, was the three-factor solution. The three-factor solution gives three factors that are similar to the factors that Bass and asso-ciates describe. Thus, a transformational, a transactional and a laissez-faire factor were found. To avoid confusion the three empirical factors will be referred to as inspirational, ratio-nal—objective and passive leadership instead of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership respectively.
In Tables 4, 5 and 6 the loadings of the items on the three empirical factors and the scale statistics are reported. Items that did not meet the criteria specified earlier, only six items in total, were discarded. The adapted instrument thus has 34 items. The three-fac-tor solution explains 46.8 per cent of the total variance, 35.4 per cent is explained by the first factor, 6.5 per cent by the second and 4.9 per cent by the third. The first factor found is similar to the theoretical scale for transformational leadership. As stated the scale found in this study that closely resembles Bass' transformational leadership will be referred to as inspirational leadership to avoid confusion. As can be seen in Table 7, the correlation between Bass' tranformational scale and the inspirational leadership scale found here is high, .99. The inspirational scale has fewer items than the transformational scale, 18 items remained after carrying out factor analysis and comparison with the criteria. Factor analysis put several 'transformational items' in the rational—objective factor. Only one of these met the criteria and is thus regarded as rational—objective, or, transactional (item 35, Table 5). The scale statistics for inspirational leadership are, as expected after adapting the scale, slightly better than the same statistics for transformational leadership.
The ex, oi inspirational leadership is .95, identical to the C( of transformational leadership,
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สามารถได้รับโซลูชั่นสำหรับจำนวนปัจจัย โซลูชั่นดี interpretable ได้ 2, 3 - และ 4 ปัจจัยแก้ปัญหา เมื่อแยกปัจจัยมากกว่าสี่พวกเขาจะไม่ interpretable ตามหลักวิชา แม้ว่าจะมีปัจจัยที่เจ็ด eigenvalue มากกว่าหนึ่ง ปัจจัยที่สองแยกระหว่างความเป็นผู้นำในการใช้งาน และ passive Solu-สเตรชันจากปัจจัย 4 ทำให้มีภาวะ การแฝง และสองทรานแซคชัน ปัจจัย เกือบจะเหมือนกับรางวัลกองใช้บริหารโดยข้อยกเว้น การแก้ปัญหาที่ถือว่าสำคัญที่สุดในการศึกษานี้ ส่วนใหญ่เหตุผลทฤษฎี โซลูชัน 3 ปัจจัยได้ โซลูชัน 3 ปัจจัยปัจจัยสามประการที่คล้ายกับปัจจัยให้เบสที่ และอธิบาย asso ciates ดังนั้น มีภาวะ มีทรานแซคชัน และตัว laissez-faire พบ เพื่อหลีกเลี่ยงความสับสน ปัจจัยรวมสามจะอ้างอิงเพื่อเป็นแรงบันดาลใจ อัตรา-nal – วัตถุประสงค์และแฝงความเป็นผู้นำแทนที่จะนำภาวะ ทรานแซคชัน และ laissez-faire ตามลำดับIn Tables 4, 5 and 6 the loadings of the items on the three empirical factors and the scale statistics are reported. Items that did not meet the criteria specified earlier, only six items in total, were discarded. The adapted instrument thus has 34 items. The three-fac-tor solution explains 46.8 per cent of the total variance, 35.4 per cent is explained by the first factor, 6.5 per cent by the second and 4.9 per cent by the third. The first factor found is similar to the theoretical scale for transformational leadership. As stated the scale found in this study that closely resembles Bass' transformational leadership will be referred to as inspirational leadership to avoid confusion. As can be seen in Table 7, the correlation between Bass' tranformational scale and the inspirational leadership scale found here is high, .99. The inspirational scale has fewer items than the transformational scale, 18 items remained after carrying out factor analysis and comparison with the criteria. Factor analysis put several 'transformational items' in the rational—objective factor. Only one of these met the criteria and is thus regarded as rational—objective, or, transactional (item 35, Table 5). The scale statistics for inspirational leadership are, as expected after adapting the scale, slightly better than the same statistics for transformational leadership.The ex, oi inspirational leadership is .95, identical to the C( of transformational leadership,
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