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Two of the most traditional food ingredients are casein and gelatin. While both these ingredients consist of macromolecules that are disordered, polydisperse and heterogeneous, the two kinds of biopolymers differ substantially in terms of hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, surface activity and intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, at neutral pH in the absence of calcium ions, whereas sodium caseinate forms low-viscosity mobile adsorbed layers at the oil–water interface, gelatin forms time-dependent gel-like stabilizing layers at the surface of emulsion droplets. This contrasting behaviour has been demonstrated (Dickinson, Murray, & Stainsby, 1985) in interfacial experiments on systems containing a binary mixture of the two proteins. Fig. 6 shows the observed change in surface shear viscosity on injecting sodium caseinate below a previously adsorbed gelatin layer at the planar hydrocarbon–water interface
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