CHAPTER IIIMETHOD OF THE RESEARCH3.

CHAPTER III
METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

3.1 Approach
It is widely known that every literature subject should be interpreted as well as possible. From the early literature grew, the critics have developed the approach in which the product of literature is analyzed. Theyacknowledge some approaches to literary criticism such as formalism, struturalism, post-structuralism, and soon. Each approach has its own way. Based on that, in this research, the writer would like to analyze the data based on the structuralist criticism.
According to Lois Tyson in Critical Theory Today ( 2006 ) structuralist approaches have tended to focus on three specific areas of literary studies: the classification of literary genres, the description of narrative operations, and the analysis of literary interpretation. From that Tyson’s perspective, we could see that the structuralist criticism separates the body and the building of the text to be analyzed. The critics might analyze the literary text by taking the structure in it, so they can make interpretation from it.Besides, the structuralism believes in “the death of the author”, which means that after the literary product is published, the background of the author doesn’t have any influence on it when it is interpreted.
So, based on the little description above, through the structuralist approach, the writer would like to examine the analysis by considering the structure and the element constructing the novel If I Stay, especially analyzing the setting which will become a concern in this research.
3.2 Method
The writer refers to some kinds of objection in content analysis method according to Borg and Gall (1983):
1. To produce descriptive information that gives clearer understanding to the problem.
2. To cross validate research finding. Content analysis is useful in order to check research finding obtained from the studies using a different methodology.
3. To test hypothesis. It is used to explore the relationship and theories.
From those three classifications, the writer uses the first objective whose utilization is to give clearer description to the problem and gives better understanding of setting of place and setting of time.
3.3 Technique
The writer would like to use the qualitative technique to find out the settings in the novel If I Stay. So the writer focuses on the content system while analyzing the whole story of the novel. Borg and Gall, in Educational Research an Introduction (1983)describes that content analysis is a research technique for the objective, systematic, and qualitative description of the manifest content in communication and it is always used to analyze the raw material of any form of written material such as textbook, novel, newspaper, magazine, advertisement, and political speeches.
Based on that little description above, the technique which will be used in the analysis of the settings in the novel If I Stay is analyzing it by focusing on the content system included in it.
3.4 Source of data
All data in this research is taken from the novel entitled If I Stay by Gayle Forman.
3.5 Procedures of data finding
In collecting the data, the writer would like to examine some following steps:
3.5.1 Reading the novel
In this step, the whole story of the novel will be read carefully. The writer would like to pay much attention to every single storyline in order to comprehend all written material in the novel.
3.5.2 Quoting the data
After the whole story of the novel is read. The writer continues quoting the data of settings found in the process of reading.
3.5.3 Identifying the data
Then the writer the evidence and sentence which show the settings
3.6 Procedures of data Analysis
3.6.1 Classifying the data
At this step, the writer would like to classify the setting of place and the setting of time in the novel If I Stay by Gayle Forman.


3.6.2 describing the Causes
In the process of analyzing the setting in the novel, the writer also will find some causes constructing those settings, and afterward she will describe those causes.
3.6.3 Explaining the Effect
At this final step, the writer would like to describe and to show what effect which appears and influences the story.