The dense concentration of industry in combination with the high
rate of urban development has permanently transformed the region.
The changes are most clearly reflected in water and air pollution
levels, contamination of soil, terrain deformations, violations of water
conditions, partial deforestation and damage to the remaining trees
(Absalon et al., 1995–1998). The amounts of pollutants and waste
products remain the highest in Poland. From the local perspective, the
problem seems even more serious. Particulate matter and gas
pollution levels in Silesia are among the highest in Poland, with
particulate air emissions reaching 1.8·10−6 G km−2 in 2007, compared
to the national average of 0.4·10−6 G km−2 (Statistical
Yearbook, 2008).