of outbreaks of FMD, were close to

of outbreaks of FMD, were close to Beneshangul Gumuz and had
mixed-species farming systems (cattle, sheep and goats). The
livelihoods of a large percentage of the population in the study area
depend on livestock and the production of coffee and other crops. The
livestock production system of the area is extensive and of a sedentary
type.
From Beneshangul Gumuz a total of four districts were selected:
Asosa, Bambasi, Mange (in Asosa zone) and Tongo special district
(‘special districts’ are overseen directly by regional governments
rather than being governed by the zone in which they are located). The
region has a single rainy season of variable length between May and
October. The annual rainfall ranges from 1,130 mm to 1,146 mm. The
non-cultivable land of the area is covered with grassland, shrubland
and woodland, with extensive areas of closed (dense coverage) and
open (scattered coverage) bamboo forests. Livestock are kept for
draught purposes, milk production and as a token of wealth. Finger
millet (dagusa), Niger seed (noug), sorghum and maize are the most
common crops produced in the area. All the study sites share a border
with Sudan (Fig. 1).
Study design
A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2011 to April
2012 to determine the seroprevalence of FMD and associated risk
factors. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to herd
owners for the assessments of animal- and herd-level risk factors.
Study herds and animal selection
The study population consisted of 160,555 cattle, 61,252 sheep and
82,104 goats in extensive production systems. These animals
comprised around 1,815 herds in Asosa, Bambasi, Mange, Gidami,
Begi and Tongo special district. For the purposes of the study, a herd
was defined as any group of livestock grazing together, e.g. sheep and
goats grazing together on communal land, or cattle and sheep grazing
together on their owner’s land. Irrespective of the grazing system, all
herds in the study consisted of more than one species. Multistage

Results (Indonesian) 1:

wabah PMK, dekat dengan Beneshangul Gumuz dan telahsistem pertanian campuran spesies (sapi, domba dan kambing). Themata pencaharian sebagian besar penduduk di daerah studitergantung pada ternak dan produksi kopi dan tanaman lainnya. Thesistem produksi ternak daerah luas dan menetapketik.Dari Beneshangul Gumuz total empat Kabupaten yang dipilih:Asosa, Bambasi, kudis (dalam zona Asosa) dan Tongo khusus district('khusus daerah' diawasi langsung oleh pemerintah daerahdaripada yang diatur oleh zona di mana mereka berada). Thedaerah memiliki musim hujan satu variabel panjang antara bulan Mei danOktober. Curah hujan tahunan rentang dari 1,130 mm untuk 1,146 mm.Bebas-cultivable tanah daerah ditutupi dengan rumput, semak-semakdan hutan, dengan luas wilayah tertutup (cakupan padat) danmembuka hutan bambu (tersebar cakupan). Ternak dipelihara untuktujuan draft, produksi susu dan sebagai tanda kekayaan. JariMillet (dagusa), Niger biji (noug), sorgum dan jagung adalah yang palingCommon tanaman diproduksi di daerah. Semua studi situs berbagi perbatasanSudan (Fig. 1).Belajar desainCross sectional study dilaksanakan dari November 2011 hingga April2012 untuk menentukan seroprevalence PMK dan terkait risikofaktor. Kuesioner semi-terstruktur diberikan untuk herdpemilik untuk penilaian tingkat hewan dan kawanan faktor risiko.Studi ternak dan hewan pilihanPopulasi studi terdiri dari 160,555 ternak, domba 61,252 dankambing 82,104 dalam sistem produksi yang luas. Hewan-hewan initerdiri dari sekitar 1,815 ternak di Asosa, Bambasi, kudis, Gidami,Distrik khusus awal & dan Tongo. Untuk tujuan penelitian, kawanandidefinisikan sebagai setiap kelompok ternak merumput bersama-sama, misalnya domba dankambing merumput bersama di tanah komunal, atau sapi dan domba merumputbersama-sama pada tanah pemilik mereka. Terlepas dari sistem merumput, Semuakawanan dalam studi terdiri dari lebih dari satu spesies. Multistage