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1. IntroductionUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common type ofnosocomial infection in females and males, and have resulted inbillions of dollars in medical care costs.1,2 The most important causeof 80e90% of all UTIs is Escherichia coli.3 Nonpathogenic strains ofE. coli are important facultative aerobes in the normal intestinalflora of human and animals. However, pathogenic strains of thesebacteria are the most common cause of urinary tract infections.4Uropathogenic E. coli infects the urinary tract by producing specialsurface proteins (adhesins), which make them to attach to andattack the epithelial cells that line the urinary bladder.5 If pathogenicE. coli is in the bladder (uncomplicated UTI), and is noteliminated, it may travel up the ureters to the kidneys and causecomplicated UTIs which can be accompanied by renal damage andrenal failure.3,4,6 The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteriais a growing problem worldwide. A number of E. coli isolateshave been collected from urine specimens of patients with UTI thatare resistant to antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat UTIs
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