technology, altitude was recorded a

technology, altitude was recorded and categorised as 1,500 m asl.
Outcome variables
The outcome variables were categorised based on the results of a
3ABC blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera
with a percent colour inhibition greater than 50%, based on the
PrioCHECK® FMDV 3ABC blocking ELISA (Prionics, Switzerland),
were considered as seropositive to FMDV. A herd was considered as
positive if one or more animals in the herd was seropositive. The
3ABC ELISA has an advantage over the conventional serological
diagnosis of FMD as it has the ability to identify vaccinated animals
from infected animals based on the detection of the non-structural
protein (NSP) that is secreted during infection but not during
vaccination (20).
Data and serum sample collection
Questionnaire
A questionnaire was administered to herd owners face to face. The
questions were interpreted into Afan Oromo, Bertha and Arabic. The
questionnaire for herd-level risk factor assessment was administered
to 181 randomly selected herd owners.
Serum sample collection
Serum samples were collected for serological tests from individual
animals of the selected herds. The samples were collected from a
jugular vein, using 10 ml sterile vacutainer tubes, from 1,144
randomly selected individuals (589 cattle, 246 sheep and 309 goats)
showing no clinical signs of disease. Animals of more than six months
of age were included for blood sample collection to reduce the effect
of maternally derived antibody, which circulates in calves for about
five months (21). The age of the animal was recorded by interviewing
the herd owners. If the farmers did not know the age of the newly
introduced animals (those that had been bought from market or those
that were a gift from a relative), the age of the animals was determined

Results (Indonesian) 1:

teknologi, ketinggian dicatat dan dikategorikan sebagai < 1.500 m dpl atau> 1500 m dpl.Variabel hasilVariabel hasil yang dikategorikan berdasarkan hasil3ABC memblokir enzim-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seradengan lebih dari 50% penghambatan persen warna, berdasarkanPrioCHECK ® FMDV 3ABC ELISA memblokir (Prionics, Swiss),dianggap sebagai seropositif untuk FMDV. Kawanan dianggap sebagaipositif jika satu atau lebih binatang kawanan seropositif. The3ABC ELISA memiliki keuntungan lebih konvensional serologicaldiagnosis PMK karena memiliki kemampuan untuk mengidentifikasi vaksinasi hewandari hewan yang terinfeksi berdasarkan deteksi non-strukturalprotein (aroma:) yang disekresi selama infeksi tetapi tidak selamavaksinasi (20).Pengambilan sampel data dan serumKuesionerKuesioner diberikan untuk herd pemilik tatap muka. Thepertanyaan dianggap menjadi Afan Oromo, Bertha dan Arab. Thekuesioner untuk faktor risiko kawanan tingkat penilaian diberikan181 dipilih secara acak kawanan pemilik.Pengambilan sampel serumSampel serum dikumpulkan untuk tes serological dari individuhewan ternak tertentu. Sampel dikumpulkan darivena jugularis, menggunakan tabung steril vacutainer 10 ml, dari 1,144individu-individu yang dipilih secara acak (589 ternak, 246 domba dan kambing 309)Menampilkan ada tanda-tanda klinis penyakit. Hewan lebih dari enam bulanusia dimasukkan untuk pengambilan sampel darah untuk mengurangi efekantibodi maternally turunan, yang beredar di betis untuk tentanglima bulan (21). Usia hewan direkam oleh wawancarapemilik kawanan. Jika para petani tidak tahu usia barudiperkenalkan hewan (mereka yang telah dibeli dari pasar atau merekaitu hadiah dari seorang kerabat), usia hewan ditentukan