3.1.1 Systematic risk. Dividing risks into systematic and unsystematic, and
exploring their determinants in the hospitality industry, has been a popular research
topic. For example, in studying hotel real estate investment trusts’ (REITs) beta (i.e.
systematic risk) determinants, Kim et al. (2002a) showed that systematic risk is
correlated positively with debt leverage and growth but negatively with firm size as
measured by capitalization. The positive correlation between debt ratio and beta
suggests that using less debt and pursuing conservative growth could reduce
systematic risk for hotel REITs, while the negative relationship between capitalization
and beta suggests that they have lower systematic risk and are less sensitive to market
movements. Although synergy may enable large hotel REITs to benefit from low
operating and capital costs, geographical diversity can help them achieve revenue
stability (Kim et al., 2002a).
Using financial data from 75 US restaurant firms from 1996-1999, Gu and Kim
(2002) applied weighted least-squares regression analysis to examine systematic risk
determinants. They showed that restaurant systematic risk correlates negatively with
asset turnover but positively with quick ratio. High efficiency in generating sales
revenue helps to lower systematic risk while excess liquidity tends to increase it.
Echoing Gu and Kim (2002), Barber et al. (2008) showed that efficient use of existing
restaurant assets is the key to risk reduction and value enhancement. They argued that
properly investing excess cash flow in operating assets and high asset turnover could
lower systematic risk, whereas director turnover could increase it (depending on a
firm’s state of development).
Liquidity level is positively related to both systematic and total risk (Borde, 1998;
Barber et al., 2008). High liquidity may imply that available resources are being
invested in marketable securities, which could increase risk, and are not invested in
high-earning operating assets. The dividend payout ratio is negatively related to both
systematic and total risk (Borde, 1998; Barber et al., 2008). Firms are typically reluctant
to vary their dividend payouts significantly once a certain level has been established,
especially if this means cuts. Restaurants with a high level of operating risk are likely
to distribute a smaller fraction of their earnings than those with lower risk. However,
leverage seems to be unrelated to either systematic or total risk since it has little
influence on market-based risk measures.
Estimation of the systematic risk for a capital investment, as compared to that for a
firm’s stock, can be quite challenging because there might not be existing or historical
references available. The estimation can become even more complicated when the
impact of financial leverage is included (Van Horne, 2002), which further affects the
calculation of the cost of equity and capital. No published studies exist that assess the
appropriateness of using various methods of estimating the systematic risk for a
capital investment as suggested in finance textbooks. Future research could meet this
need if empirical data become available.
3.1.2 Unsystematic risk. Studying hotel REITs’ risk features, Kim et al. (2002a) found
that 84 percent of their total risk could be attributed to firm-specific, or unsystematic,
risk. The proportion of unsystematic risk in the total risk of hotel REITs is higher than
that of other US stocks. Gu and Kim (2003) indicated that hotel REITs’ unsystematic risk
is associated positively with debt and dividend payouts but negatively with
capitalization. That is, hotel REITs with higher debt leverage could be subject to
greater stock volatility when firm-specific events occur. Furthermore, large hotel REITs
Results (
Thai) 1:
[Copy]Copied!
3.1.1 ระบบความเสี่ยง ความเสี่ยงแบ่งระบบ และ unsystematic และสำรวจดีเทอร์มิแนนต์ของพวกเขาในอุตสาหกรรม ได้รับการวิจัยนิยมหัวข้อนี้ ตัวอย่าง ในศึกษาโรงแรมอสังหาริมทรัพย์ลงทุนกองทุน (REITs) เบต้า (เช่นดีเทอร์มิแนนต์ระบบความเสี่ยง) Kim et al. (2002a) พบว่า เป็นความเสี่ยงอย่างมีระบบcorrelated บวก กับการเจริญเติบโตและประสิทธิภาพการดำเนินงานหนี้ แต่ในเชิงลบ กับขนาดของบริษัทวัดตามตัวพิมพ์ใหญ่ ความสัมพันธ์ในเชิงบวกระหว่างอัตราส่วนหนี้สินและเบต้าแนะนำว่า ใช้หนี้น้อย และใฝ่หาการเจริญเติบโตของหัวเก่าจะช่วยลดระบบความเสี่ยงสำหรับโรงแรม REITs ในขณะที่ความสัมพันธ์เชิงลบระหว่างตัวพิมพ์ใหญ่และแนะนำเบต้าที่ มีความเสี่ยงต่ำกว่าระบบ และมีความสำคัญน้อยกว่าตลาดเคลื่อนไหว แม้ว่า synergy อาจให้ REITs โรงแรมขนาดใหญ่จะได้รับประโยชน์จากต่ำปฏิบัติงาน และเงินทุนต้นทุน ความหลากหลายทางภูมิศาสตร์สามารถช่วยให้เกิดรายได้ความมั่นคง (Kim et al., 2002a)โดยใช้ข้อมูลทางการเงินจาก 75 เราร้านอาหารบริษัทจากปี 1996-1999 กูและคิมวิเคราะห์การถดถอย (2002) ใช้น้ำหนักน้อยที่สุดช่องสี่เหลี่ยมเพื่อตรวจสอบความเสี่ยงระบบดีเทอร์มิแนนต์ พวกเขาพบว่า ความเสี่ยงระบบร้านคู่ส่งผลเสียกับหมุนเวียนสินทรัพย์แต่บวก ด้วยอัตราที่รวดเร็ว มีประสิทธิภาพสูงในการสร้างการขายรายได้ช่วยในการลดความเสี่ยงของระบบในขณะที่สภาพคล่องส่วนเกินมีแนวโน้มที่เพิ่มขึ้นนั้นห้องพักกูและคิม (2002), ร้าน et al. (2008) พบว่าใช้ของที่มีอยู่restaurant assets is the key to risk reduction and value enhancement. They argued thatproperly investing excess cash flow in operating assets and high asset turnover couldlower systematic risk, whereas director turnover could increase it (depending on afirm’s state of development).Liquidity level is positively related to both systematic and total risk (Borde, 1998;Barber et al., 2008). High liquidity may imply that available resources are beinginvested in marketable securities, which could increase risk, and are not invested inhigh-earning operating assets. The dividend payout ratio is negatively related to bothsystematic and total risk (Borde, 1998; Barber et al., 2008). Firms are typically reluctantto vary their dividend payouts significantly once a certain level has been established,especially if this means cuts. Restaurants with a high level of operating risk are likelyto distribute a smaller fraction of their earnings than those with lower risk. However,leverage seems to be unrelated to either systematic or total risk since it has littleinfluence on market-based risk measures.Estimation of the systematic risk for a capital investment, as compared to that for afirm’s stock, can be quite challenging because there might not be existing or historicalreferences available. The estimation can become even more complicated when theimpact of financial leverage is included (Van Horne, 2002), which further affects thecalculation of the cost of equity and capital. No published studies exist that assess theappropriateness of using various methods of estimating the systematic risk for acapital investment as suggested in finance textbooks. Future research could meet thisneed if empirical data become available.3.1.2 Unsystematic risk. Studying hotel REITs’ risk features, Kim et al. (2002a) foundthat 84 percent of their total risk could be attributed to firm-specific, or unsystematic,risk. The proportion of unsystematic risk in the total risk of hotel REITs is higher thanthat of other US stocks. Gu and Kim (2003) indicated that hotel REITs’ unsystematic riskis associated positively with debt and dividend payouts but negatively withcapitalization. That is, hotel REITs with higher debt leverage could be subject togreater stock volatility when firm-specific events occur. Furthermore, large hotel REITs
Being translated, please wait..
