Lead free ceramics of (Bi1xNdx)0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNNT) system
with compositions x 0.04 were prepared by semi-wet route
using AR-grade metal oxides or nitrate powders (Sigma–Aldrich)
as raw materials which are Bi2O3 (99%), NaNO3 (99%), Nd2O3
(99.9%), TiO2 (99.9%) and ethylene glycol. Raw materials were
weighed in appropriate amount according to the chemical
compositions in the BNNT system. The precursor for A-site of
BNNT system was prepared using ethylene glycol solution, which
is expected to distribute the cations homogeneously at atomic
level and forming a polymeric complex which was combusted at
appropriate temperature (T 500 8C) in the form of ash powders.
The ash, highly fine, homogeneous and highly reactive in nature,