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3.2. Film solubilityWater insolubility or resistance is a substantial characteristicof edible films for use in food protection, where water activity ishigh, or when the edible film must be in contact with water duringprocessing of the coated food, to avoid the exudation of fresh orfrozen products (Gontard et al., 1992). All the prepared films main-tained their integrity after incubation in water with gentle motionfor 24 h. The control film displayed a low solubility value of about38%, similar to that reported by Jeya Shakila et al. (2012) (∼40%)in composite films from fish gelatin and chitosan. The lower solu-bility of biocomposite films in the present study may result fromthe protein-polysaccharide interactions mainly via hydrogen bond-ing which plays an important role in film formation as reportedby Gómez-Estaca et al. (2010). A significant (p < 0.05) increase inwater solubility was observed by adding OEO to the film (Table 1).The higher solubility of oil incorporated-films may be assignedto the re-emerging protein-polysaccharide interactions with this essential oil which weaken the interactions that had stabilized theprotein-polysaccharide net-work structure (Gómez-Estaca et al.,2010). The presence of essential oil may also limit the interaction ofglycerol with protein matrix which would allow an increase in itsleaching phenomenon (Pires et al., 2013). Likewise, the inclusion ofclove essential oil to gelatin–chitosan film matrix increased theirsolubility in water (Gómez-Estaca et al., 2010).
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