Fig. 4 – Expression of genes related to RA signaling in
cultured mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) after RA
induction. The expression levels of Stra8, Scp3, and Tfrc were
significantly increased while those of Camk1 and Pdcd4 were
significantly decreased after 24 h induction (P < 0.05).
Control: treated with DMSO only, Normal: without any
treatment. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.