McGehee and Thayer's early work on needs assessment identified three levels of assessment: organization analysis, operations analysis, and individual analysis.7 TNA would look at organizational needs to determine what managers need to know to most effectively support organizational goals.8 The processes and systems of the organization should also be a focus of the needs assessment so that training can address the specific nuances of organizational operations.9 The most common approach to needs assessment typically asks individuals to define their specific training needs.10 However, this third level of needs assessment is incomplete without considering the organizational and operational levels. The most effective needs assessments will give attention to each of these three levels.11