New, more appropriate research methodologies and technology resources are now available to support research on how to help students and teachers attain the goals for science learning that data show have been difficult to achieve. In addition, it is important to provide support for teachers (including time and opportunities) to collaborate with colleagues in the science education research community so as to understand, develop, and teach in ways that are consistent with contemporary professional standards. Competent professional teachers have important roles to play in the continual renewal and development of science education standards and in supporting and doing related classroom-based research that can shape science-teaching practices. Empowering professional teachers in these roles and encouraging relevant research on central issues like supporting and assessing the effectiveness of the school science laboratory are very important next steps that warrant attention from professional societies, higher education, school administrators, and teacher certification bodies.