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Inadequate sleep is a pervasive problem for many and may have serious consequencesacross a multitude of health factors that affect overall well-being. In 2011, approximately onethird of Americans reported sleeping less than the American Medical Association’srecommended eight hours per night (Collop, 2011; Wheaton, Liu, Perry, & Croft, 2011). Thesedeficits result in a significant impact on healthcare costs, with fourteen billion dollars spentannually to cover costs due to insomnia related healthcare services, treatment, and care (Gillin,Roehrs, & Roth, 2011). While sleep disturbance is associated with a number of prevalent healthconcerns, such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease (Dijk, 2012), sleep loss alone is associatedwith a variety of physical and mental health conditions such as Major Depressive Disorder(MDD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD; Krystal,2012). While physical and emotional correlates of sleep disturbance have been well studied,deficits in cognition secondary to sleep disturbance have also been recognized (Dodds et al.,2011; Kronholm et al., 2011; Stenuit & Kerkhofs, 2008; Waters & Bucks, 2011; Zimmerman,Bigal, Katz, Brickman, & Lipton, 2012). The most common disturbances in cognition associatedwith poor sleep include deficits in attention, executive functioning, and memory (Zimmerman etal., 2012). Overall, sleep disturbance is a serious concern that crosses many health domains andpresents a substantial challenge to health care providers.
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