Verbatim records of police proceedings, customs and excise and immigra translation - Verbatim records of police proceedings, customs and excise and immigra Malay how to say

Verbatim records of police proceedi

Verbatim records of police proceedings, customs and excise and immigration interviews are of course
also kept. These reports have been increasingly contested and are the subject of analysis by forensic
linguists (Gibbons, 1994). The precarious nature of such reports is highlighted in instances where
bilingual speakers produce nonstandard oral narratives which, in turn, are then reproduced in a
standard written form by the note-taker. This record is subsequently used to argue for the linguistic
competence of the accused when his or her responses under interrogation appear to implicate them
as guilty. Issues of transcription have also been discussed in the ethnographic research literature
(Clifford, 1990; Atkinson, 1992). Clifford suggests the inevitable tension, in representing an
informant's own words, between authenticity and readability. Informants’words cannot be simply
reproduced on the page; they have to be represented through writing conventions which are
themselves matters of interpretation. Informants’speech is therefore written up in such a way as to
represent them through the eyes of the writer: “the representation of speech can be used to convey
the status and character of the speaker. The choice of conventions is thus a choice about the
representation of persons as social and moral actors in the text” (Atkinson, 1992: 24). Although these
issues of representation have been discussed in the literature on research methods, they are rarely
the subject of open debate in the public domain.
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Verbatim records of police proceedings, customs and excise and immigration interviews are of coursealso kept. These reports have been increasingly contested and are the subject of analysis by forensiclinguists (Gibbons, 1994). The precarious nature of such reports is highlighted in instances wherebilingual speakers produce nonstandard oral narratives which, in turn, are then reproduced in astandard written form by the note-taker. This record is subsequently used to argue for the linguisticcompetence of the accused when his or her responses under interrogation appear to implicate themas guilty. Issues of transcription have also been discussed in the ethnographic research literature(Clifford, 1990; Atkinson, 1992). Clifford suggests the inevitable tension, in representing aninformant's own words, between authenticity and readability. Informants’words cannot be simplyreproduced on the page; they have to be represented through writing conventions which arethemselves matters of interpretation. Informants’speech is therefore written up in such a way as torepresent them through the eyes of the writer: “the representation of speech can be used to conveythe status and character of the speaker. The choice of conventions is thus a choice about therepresentation of persons as social and moral actors in the text” (Atkinson, 1992: 24). Although theseissues of representation have been discussed in the literature on research methods, they are rarelythe subject of open debate in the public domain.
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Rekod verbatim bagi prosiding polis, kastam dan temu bual eksais dan imigresen sudah tentu
juga disimpan. Laporan-laporan ini telah semakin bertanding dan merupakan subjek analisis forensik
ahli bahasa (Gibbons, 1994). Sifat tidak menentu laporan itu diserlahkan dalam keadaan di mana
orang-dwibahasa menghasilkan cerita lisan yang tidak standard yang, seterusnya, kemudian dikeluarkan semula dalam
bentuk bertulis standard oleh komen-taker. Rekod ini kemudiannya digunakan untuk berhujah bagi linguistik
kecekapan tertuduh apabila beliau respons disoal siasat muncul untuk mengaitkan mereka
sebagai bersalah. Isu transkripsi juga telah dibincangkan dalam sastera penyelidikan etnografi
(Clifford, 1990; Atkinson, 1992). Clifford mencadangkan ketegangan yang tidak dapat dielakkan, dalam mewakili
kata-kata pemberi maklumat sendiri, antara kesahihan dan pembacaan. Informants'words tidak boleh hanya
dihasilkan semula pada halaman; mereka perlu diwakili melalui konvensyen bertulis yang
diri mereka perkara-perkara tafsiran. Oleh itu Informants'speech ditulis dalam apa-apa cara untuk
mewakili mereka melalui mata penulis: "perwakilan bersuara boleh digunakan untuk menyampaikan
status dan watak speaker. Pilihan tempat konvensyen itu adalah tempat yang mengenai
perwakilan orang sebagai pelaku sosial dan moral dalam teks "(Atkinson, 1992: 24). Walaupun
isu-isu perwakilan telah dibincangkan dalam kesusasteraan pada kaedah penyelidikan, mereka jarang
subjek perdebatan terbuka di dalam domain awam.
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