the longer hours of work per day or per week tend to undermine a worker’s job performance, including productivity per hour. While additional working hours may reflect a worker’s work ethic or commitment to the job, workplace, employer or labour force and the hope of attaining higher current or future earnings, at some point, longer working hours inevitably begin to create risks and time conflicts that interfere not only with the quality of non-work life, but also on-the-job performance. In addition, when considered within a longer time horizon and from a broader perspective, productivity and the firm’s labour costs may be affected in many indirect ways. The theory and empirical research on the worker and firm performance effects of flexible work options are often embedded within a broader range of outcomes, and their findings are mixed. Flexible workplace practices significantly reduce the life-to-job spillovers that impair productivity at the job or workplace