During his self-analysis, Freud found that dreams contain the same clues concerning the origins of a psychological problem as did physical symptoms or free associations. He distinguished between the manifest content of a dream, or what the dream appears to be about, and the latent content, or what the dream is actually about. Freud believed that the latent content represents wish fulfillments that a person could not entertain consciously with- out experiencing anxiety. Dream work disguises the true meaning of a dream. Examples of dream work include condensation, in which several things from a person’s life are condensed into one symbol, and displacement, in which a person dreams about something symbolically related to an anxiety- provoking object, person, or event instead of dreaming about whatever it is that actually pro-
vokes the anxiety. During his self-analysis, Freud confirmed several of his theoretical notions such as the Oedipus complex. According to Freud, the adult mind consists of an id, an ego, and a superego. The id is entirely unconscious and demands immediate gratification; it is therefore said to be governed by the pleasure principle. The id also contains all instincts and the energy associated with instincts. To satisfy needs, the id has at its disposal only the primary processes of reflex action and wish fulfillment. The ego’s job is to find real objects in the environment that can satisfy needs; it is therefore said to be governed by the reality principle. The realistic processes of the ego are referred to as secondary in order to distinguish them from the irrational primary processes of the id. The third component of the mind is the superego, which consists of the conscience, or the internalization of the experiences for which a child had been punished, and the ego-ideal, or the internalization of the experiences for which a child had been rewarded. The ego’s job is to find ways of effectively satisfying needs without violating the values of the superego. When such a way is found, the ego in- vests energy in it, a process called cathexis. If an available way to satisfy a need violates a person’s values, energy is expended to inhibit its utilization, in which case an anticathexis occurs. When an anticathexis occurs, the person displaces the anxiety- provoking object or event to one that does not cause anxiety. Freud distinguished between life instincts called eros and a death instinct called thanatos. Freud used the concept of the death instinct to explain such things as suicide, masochism, murder, and general aggression.
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ระหว่างปฏิภาณของเขา อังกฤษพบว่า ความฝันประกอบด้วยเหมือนเบาะแสเกี่ยวกับต้นกำเนิดของปัญหาทางจิตเป็นอาการทางกายภาพหรือความสัมพันธ์ของฟรี เขาแยกแยะระหว่างเนื้อหารายการของความฝัน ความฝันที่ปรากฏจะเกี่ยวกับ และเนื้อหาที่แฝงอยู่ หรือว่าความฝันเป็นจริงเกี่ยวกับ ภัณฑ์ฟรอยด์เชื่อว่า เนื้อหาที่แฝงอยู่แสดงว่า คนสามารถสนุกสนานความวิตกกังวลประสบปัญหาเรื่องของสติกับออกเติมสินค้าตามใน ฝันงานปลอมที่แท้จริงของความฝัน ตัวอย่างของงานฝันมีหยดน้ำเกาะ ในซึ่ง หลายสิ่งจากชีวิตของบุคคลจะควบแน่นกลายเป็นสัญลักษณ์หนึ่ง และการกำจัด ในคนที่ ฝันเรื่องสัญลักษณ์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับความวิตกกังวล - ฟอเร็กซ์วัตถุ บุคคล หรือเหตุการณ์แทนฝันเกี่ยวกับสิ่ง เป็นที่จริง pro -vokes the anxiety. During his self-analysis, Freud confirmed several of his theoretical notions such as the Oedipus complex. According to Freud, the adult mind consists of an id, an ego, and a superego. The id is entirely unconscious and demands immediate gratification; it is therefore said to be governed by the pleasure principle. The id also contains all instincts and the energy associated with instincts. To satisfy needs, the id has at its disposal only the primary processes of reflex action and wish fulfillment. The ego’s job is to find real objects in the environment that can satisfy needs; it is therefore said to be governed by the reality principle. The realistic processes of the ego are referred to as secondary in order to distinguish them from the irrational primary processes of the id. The third component of the mind is the superego, which consists of the conscience, or the internalization of the experiences for which a child had been punished, and the ego-ideal, or the internalization of the experiences for which a child had been rewarded. The ego’s job is to find ways of effectively satisfying needs without violating the values of the superego. When such a way is found, the ego in- vests energy in it, a process called cathexis. If an available way to satisfy a need violates a person’s values, energy is expended to inhibit its utilization, in which case an anticathexis occurs. When an anticathexis occurs, the person displaces the anxiety- provoking object or event to one that does not cause anxiety. Freud distinguished between life instincts called eros and a death instinct called thanatos. Freud used the concept of the death instinct to explain such things as suicide, masochism, murder, and general aggression.
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