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SLN was higher than that in NLC.29) No intact SLN and NLCpenetrated into the skin,31) therefore ATRA might be releasedfrom the nanoparticle the drug with or without permeationenhancers permeate through the skin. After application ofthe lipid nanoparticles onto the skin, film formation occurs,which subsequently leads to an occlusive effect. This leads toreduced water loss, resulting in increased skin hydration, andconsequently, enhances the penetration of the drug into theskin.30) Therefore, it is anticipated that the formulation containinga greater amount of solid lipid would lead to greaterskin penetration.To make correlative conclusions regarding the skin targetingof lipid nanoparticles, distributions of rhodamine b basein porcine skin was investigated using CLSM. It is believedthat rhodamine b base (a lipophilic compound) appears in theinner phase of lipid nanoparticles (the lipid phase). Figure 5illustrates the results obtained from CLSM following dermaldelivery of rhodamine B base via the skin for 8 h from rhodamineB base in M (control) (5a), rhodamine B base loaded10% L-SLN (5b), rhodamine B base loaded 10% L-NLC (5c),and rhodamine B base loaded 10% L-NE (5d). The skin thicknesswas optically scanned at ca. 10 µm increments from thesurface of the skin (left to right, top to bottom). Ten percentL-SLN showed the highest intensity of fluorescence, followedby 10% L-NLC, 10% L-NE and dye in M, respectively (Fig.6). The fluorescence intensity in the horizontal section at 30to 75 µm of 10% L-SLN and 10% L-NLC was very strong andgradually decreased with increasing depth.Rhodamine B base was used as a model lipophilic drugfor studying skin distribution by CLSM because it has lowsolubility and is a fluorescent molecule. The skin distributionresults for rhodamine B base loaded terpene composited lipid
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