Baseline demographics along with WOMAC and ROM data comparing the intervention group to the control group are presented in Table 1. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare continuous and ordinal variables, and Fisher’s exact test was used to compare discrete variables. There is an insignificant p-value for all variables at the 5% significance level, which means that the intervention and control groups came from the same population and were appropriate for the comparison of results of the participants in the two arms of this study. This determines whether participants in the self-massage intervention therapy arm had improved pain level, diminution of joint stiffness, improved physical functioning, and improved ROM at the conclusion of the study period.