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host immunoglobulins (Chapman and Mitchell, 1982).Since then, the proteinases secreted by adult liver flukeshave been characterised, but most studies agree that themajor enzymes are cathepsin L-like cysteine proteasesthat are homologues of the mammalian lysosomal cathepsinL (Yamasaki et al., 1989; Rege et al., 1989; Dalton andHefferman, 1989; Fagbemi and Hillyer, 1992; Yamasakiand Aoki, 1993; McGinty et al., 1993; Smith et al., 1993;Wijffels et al., 1994a; Dowd et al., 1994; Heussler andDobbelaere, 1994; Hawthorne et al., 2000). It is consideredthat Fasciola cathepsin L may be involved in crucial biologicalfunctions such as host protein degradation, tissuepenetration and immune evasion. For these reasons, thecathepsin L-like cysteine proteases of liver flukes havebeen potential targets as immunodiagnostic antigens forfascioliasis (Yamasaki et al., 1989; Fagbemi and Guobadia,1995; O’Neill et al., 1999) or as vaccine candidates (Wijffelset al., 1994a; Dalton et al., 1996b).
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