7. Flow cytofluorometric method Several years ago,the usefulness of fl translation - 7. Flow cytofluorometric method Several years ago,the usefulness of fl Indonesian how to say

7. Flow cytofluorometric method Sev

7. Flow cytofluorometric method
Several years ago,the usefulness of flow cytometry for susceptibility testing of microorganisms was suggested.Thus,many authors investigated the antibacterial and antifungal activities of many drugs using this methodology [95–98]. The rapid detection of damaged cells by this approach depends on the use of appro- priate dyes staining [96,99]. Therefore, propidiumiodide(PI),a fluorescent and intercalating agent,is widely used as DNA stain [96]. Several studies were reported on the effectiveness of flow cytometer as a tool for antibacterial testing of essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes, using combined staining with PI for membrane damage evaluation and carboxyfluorescein diacetate (cFDA) for esterase activity detection [95]. Consequently,in addi- tion to the lysed cells, three subpopulations (dead,viable and in- jured cells) can be clearly discriminated by this method.The in- jured cells are described as stressed cells exhibiting cellular com- ponents damages and subsequent impairment of reproductive growth [100]. Quantification of injured cells has an interesting outcome in food microbiology, as this subpopulation might be critical if cell recovery becomes possible,such as in temperature a buse conditions during food storage [95]. Indeed, flow cyto- fluorometric method allows the detection of antimicrobial re- sistance and estimates the impact of the molecule tested on the viability and cell damage of the tested microorganism [101]. Moreover,it gives reproducible resultsrapidly(2–6 h compared to 24–72h for the micro dilution method) [96]. However,the wide- spread use of this methodology for antimicrobial susceptibility testing currently appears unlikely due to the in accessibility of the required flow cytometry equipment in various laboratories.
8. Conclusion
Currently,microbial infections have become an important clinical threat, with significant associated morbidity and mortality which is mainly due to the development of microbial resistance to the existing antimicrobial agents.Therefore,methods for anti- microbial susceptibility testing and discovering novel anti- microbial agents have been extensively used and continue to be developed. Some techniques were subjected to standardization by the CLSI and EUCAST, marking the major remarkable steps on this field. However,when testing natural products, some modifications of the standardized protocols are often requested.Thus,it is im- perative to be careful not tochange the basics of microbiology by diluting the culture media and using a highly concentrated inoculum. Moreover,if weconsider the use of solvents that may affect the growth of the microorganism tested,we can say that making minor methodological adaptations to standardized pro- to cols can be asolution to ensure accurate experimental approach and allow other researchers to compare results.

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7. arus cytofluorometric metode Several years ago,the usefulness of flow cytometry for susceptibility testing of microorganisms was suggested.Thus,many authors investigated the antibacterial and antifungal activities of many drugs using this methodology [95–98]. The rapid detection of damaged cells by this approach depends on the use of appro- priate dyes staining [96,99]. Therefore, propidiumiodide(PI),a fluorescent and intercalating agent,is widely used as DNA stain [96]. Several studies were reported on the effectiveness of flow cytometer as a tool for antibacterial testing of essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes, using combined staining with PI for membrane damage evaluation and carboxyfluorescein diacetate (cFDA) for esterase activity detection [95]. Consequently,in addi- tion to the lysed cells, three subpopulations (dead,viable and in- jured cells) can be clearly discriminated by this method.The in- jured cells are described as stressed cells exhibiting cellular com- ponents damages and subsequent impairment of reproductive growth [100]. Quantification of injured cells has an interesting outcome in food microbiology, as this subpopulation might be critical if cell recovery becomes possible,such as in temperature a buse conditions during food storage [95]. Indeed, flow cyto- fluorometric method allows the detection of antimicrobial re- sistance and estimates the impact of the molecule tested on the viability and cell damage of the tested microorganism [101]. Moreover,it gives reproducible resultsrapidly(2–6 h compared to 24–72h for the micro dilution method) [96]. However,the wide- spread use of this methodology for antimicrobial susceptibility testing currently appears unlikely due to the in accessibility of the required flow cytometry equipment in various laboratories. 8. kesimpulan Saat ini, infeksi mikroba menjadi ancaman klinis penting, dengan signifikan terkait morbiditas dan mortalitas yang terutama karena perkembangan resistensi mikroba untuk agen antimikroba yang ada. Oleh karena itu, metode untuk anti - mikroba kerentanan pengujian dan menemukan novel anti - mikroba agen telah secara luas digunakan dan terus dikembangkan. Beberapa teknik pelem Standardisasi oleh CLSI dan EUCAST, menandai langkah-langkah luar biasa besar di bidang ini. Namun, ketika pengujian produk alami, beberapa modifikasi protokol standar sering diminta. Oleh itu, ianya im-perative harus berhati-hati tidak tochange dasar-dasar Mikrobiologi dengan menipiskan media budaya dan menggunakan inoculum sangat terkonsentrasi. Selain itu, jika kami menganggap penggunaan pelarut yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme diuji, kita dapat mengatakan bahwa membuat kecil metodologis adaptasi standar pro-cols dapat asolution untuk memastikan pendekatan eksperimental yang akurat dan memungkinkan peneliti lain untuk membandingkan hasil.
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7. Arus metode cytofluorometric
Beberapa tahun yang lalu, kegunaan aliran cytometry untuk pengujian kerentanan mikroorganisme adalah suggested.Thus, banyak penulis menyelidiki kegiatan antibakteri dan antijamur dari banyak obat menggunakan metodologi ini [95-98]. Deteksi cepat sel yang rusak oleh pendekatan ini tergantung pada penggunaan pewarna yang sepatutnya pewarnaan [96,99]. Oleh karena itu, propidiumiodide (PI), neon dan terinterkalasi agen, banyak digunakan sebagai noda DNA [96]. Beberapa penelitian dilaporkan pada efektivitas aliran cytometer sebagai alat untuk pengujian antibakteri minyak atsiri terhadap Listeria monocytogenes, menggunakan dikombinasikan pewarnaan dengan PI untuk evaluasi kerusakan membran dan carboxyfluorescein diasetat (CFDA) untuk deteksi aktivitas esterase [95]. Akibatnya, selain harus melakukan sel segaris, tiga subpopulasi (mati, layak dan di- sel jured) dapat dengan jelas dibedakan oleh sel jured method.The ini di- digambarkan sebagai sel menekankan menunjukkan seluler com- ponents kerusakan dan penurunan berikutnya pertumbuhan reproduksi [100]. Kuantifikasi sel cedera memiliki hasil yang menarik dalam mikrobiologi pangan, sebagai subpopulasi ini mungkin penting jika pemulihan sel menjadi mungkin, seperti suhu kondisi buse selama penyimpanan makanan [95]. Memang, mengalir sitokrom metode fluorometric memungkinkan deteksi sistance ulang antimikroba dan memperkirakan dampak dari molekul diuji pada kelangsungan hidup dan sel kerusakan mikroorganisme diuji [101]. Selain itu, memberikan resultsrapidly direproduksi (2-6 jam dibandingkan dengan 24-72h untuk metode dilusi mikro) [96]. Namun, wide-spread penggunaan metodologi ini untuk pengujian kerentanan antimikroba saat tampaknya tidak mungkin karena dalam aksesibilitas dari aliran peralatan cytometry yang diperlukan di berbagai laboratorium.
8. Kesimpulan
Saat ini, infeksi mikroba telah menjadi ancaman klinis yang penting, dengan morbiditas terkait yang signifikan dan mortalitas yang terutama disebabkan oleh perkembangan resistensi mikroba terhadap agents.Therefore antimikroba yang ada, metode untuk anti kerentanan pengujian mikroba dan menemukan Novel agen anti mikroba memiliki telah banyak digunakan dan terus dikembangkan. Beberapa teknik menjadi sasaran standarisasi oleh CLSI dan EUCAST, menandai langkah yang luar biasa besar pada bidang ini. Namun, ketika menguji produk alami, beberapa modifikasi dari protokol standar sering requested.Thus, itu adalah perative im- untuk berhati-hati tidak tochange dasar-dasar mikrobiologi dengan mengencerkan media kultur dan menggunakan inokulum sangat terkonsentrasi. Selain itu, jika weconsider penggunaan pelarut yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme diuji, kita dapat mengatakan bahwa membuat adaptasi metodologis kecil untuk pro- standar untuk cols dapat asolution untuk memastikan pendekatan eksperimental yang akurat dan memungkinkan peneliti lain untuk membandingkan hasil.

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