In cultures higher on the Power Distance scale, parent-child relationships are different. There is a norm of filial piety: loyalty, respect, and devotion to parents is considered a supreme virtue. This leads to an expectation of obedience by children, at least formally, and obedience which is supposed to last for life, even after the children have grown up. This formal dependence of children, even adult children, on parents carries forward into the relationship between teachers and students. Students are expected to show respect to teachers, and to treat them as sources of wisdom, never openly disputing their teachings. One-way, ex- cathedra teaching is customary in such a cultural setting.