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Objective: To investigate the influence of non-thermal plasma treatment on the penetrationof a model dental adhesive into the demineralized dentine.Methods: Prepared dentine surfaces were conditioned with Scotchbond Universal etchant for15 s and sectioned equally perpendicular to the etched surfaces. The separated halves wererandomly selected for treatment with an argon plasma brush (input current 6 mA, treatmenttime 30 s) or gentle argon air blowing (treatment time 30 s, as control). The plasma-treatedspecimens and control specimens were applied withamodel adhesive containing 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl]-propane (BisGMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) (mass ratio of 30/70), gently air-dried for 5 s, and light-cured for 20 s. Crosssectionalspecimens were characterized using micro-Raman spectral mapping across thedentine, adhesive/dentine interface, and adhesive layer at 1-mm spatial resolution. SEM wasalso employed to examine the adhesive/dentine interfacial morphology.Results: The micro-Raman result disclosed that plasma treatment significantly improvedthe penetration of the adhesive, evidenced by the apparently higher content of the adhesiveat the adhesive/dentine interface as compared to the control. Specifically, the improvementof the adhesive penetration using plasma technique was achieved by dramatically enhancingthe penetration of hydrophilic monomer (HEMA), while maintaining the penetration ofhydrophobic monomer (BisGMA). Morphological observation at the adhesive/dentine interfaceusing SEM also confirmed the improved adhesive penetration. The results furthersuggested that plasma treatment could benefit polymerization of the adhesive, especially inthe interface region.Conclusion: The significant role of the non-thermal plasma brush in improving the adhesivepenetration into demineralized dentine has been demonstrated. The results obtained mayoffer a better prospect of using plasma in dental restoration to optimize adhesion betweentooth substrate and restorative materials.
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