Poor people performed the overwhelm

Poor people performed the overwhelming bulk of the labor required to
support the economies of the Hellenistic kingdoms. Agriculture remained
the economic base, and conditions for farmers and field workers changed
little over time. Many of them worked on the huge agricultural estates belonging to the royal family, but city-states that retained their countrysides
still had free peasants working small plots as well as larger farms belonging to wealthy landowners. Rural people rose early to begin work before
the heat of the day, cultivating the same kinds of crops and animals as their
ancestors had with the same simple hand tools and beasts of burden. The
level of technology was such that perhaps as many as 80 percent of all adult
men and women, free as well as slave, had to work on the land to produce
enough food to sustain the population. Along certain international routes,
however, trade by sea did thrive. Tens of thousands of amphoras (large
ceramicjars used to transport commoditiessuch as olive oil and wine) made
on the Greek island of Rhodes, for example, have been found in Ptolemaic
Egypt.Consortiurnsof foreign merchants turned the Aegean island of Delos
into a busy transportation hub for the cross-shipping of goods, such as the
ten thousand slaves a day the port could handle. In the cities, poor women
and men could work as small merchants, peddlers, and artisans producing
goods such as tools, pottery, clothing, and furniture. Men could sign on as
deck hands on the merchant ships that sailed the Mediterranean and Indian
Oceans in pursuit of profits from trade.
In the Seleucid and Ptolemaic kingdoms, a large section of the rural
population existed in a state of dependency between free and slave. The
"peoples," as they were called, farmed the estates belonging to the king,
who was the kingdom's greatest landowner.The king theoretically claimed
title to all his kingdom's land because it had been, following Alexander's terminology of conquest, "won by the spear," but in practice he ceded much territory to cities, temples, and favored individuals. The peoples were not landowners but compulsory tenants. Although they could not be sold like chattel slaves, they were not allowed to move away or abandon their tenancies. They had to pay a certain quota of produce per area of land to the king like rent to a landlord.The rent was sufficiently heavy that the "peoples"had virtually no chance to improve their economic lot in life.

Results (Indonesian) 1:

Poor people performed the overwhelming bulk of the labor required tosupport the economies of the Hellenistic kingdoms. Agriculture remainedthe economic base, and conditions for farmers and field workers changedlittle over time. Many of them worked on the huge agricultural estates belonging to the royal family, but city-states that retained their countrysidesstill had free peasants working small plots as well as larger farms belonging to wealthy landowners. Rural people rose early to begin work beforethe heat of the day, cultivating the same kinds of crops and animals as theirancestors had with the same simple hand tools and beasts of burden. Thelevel of technology was such that perhaps as many as 80 percent of all adultmen and women, free as well as slave, had to work on the land to produceenough food to sustain the population. Along certain international routes,however, trade by sea did thrive. Tens of thousands of amphoras (largeceramicjars used to transport commoditiessuch as olive oil and wine) madeon the Greek island of Rhodes, for example, have been found in PtolemaicEgypt.Consortiurnsof foreign merchants turned the Aegean island of Delosinto a busy transportation hub for the cross-shipping of goods, such as theten thousand slaves a day the port could handle. In the cities, poor womenand men could work as small merchants, peddlers, and artisans producinggoods such as tools, pottery, clothing, and furniture. Men could sign on asdek tangan pada kapal-kapal saudagar yang berlayar Mediterania dan IndiaLautan dalam mengejar keuntungan dari perdagangan.Di kerajaan Ptolemy dan Seleucid, Bagian besar pedesaanpenduduk ada dalam keadaan ketergantungan antara gratis dan budak. The"bangsa," sebagaimana mereka disebut, bertani perkebunan milik raja,yang adalah pemilik tanah terbesar kerajaan. Raja secara teoritis diklaimjudul untuk semua kerajaan di tanah karena sudah, mengikuti Aleksander terminologi penaklukan, "dimenangkan oleh tombak", tetapi dalam prakteknya ia menyerahkan banyak wilayah kota, Candi, dan disukai individu. Bangsa itu tidak pemilik tanah tetapi penyewa wajib. Meskipun mereka tidak dapat dijual seperti chattel budak, mereka tidak diizinkan untuk bergerak pergi atau meninggalkan tenancies mereka. Mereka harus membayar kuota tertentu menghasilkan per luas tanah kepada Raja seperti sewa untuk pemilik. Sewa adalah cukup berat "orang" yang hampir tidak ada peluang untuk meningkatkan banyak ekonomi mereka dalam hidup.

Results (Indonesian) 2:

Orang miskin dilakukan sebagian besar dari tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan untuk
mendukung ekonomi kerajaan Helenistik. Pertanian tetap
basis ekonomi, dan kondisi bagi petani dan pekerja lapangan berubah
sedikit dari waktu ke waktu. Banyak dari mereka bekerja di perkebunan pertanian besar milik keluarga kerajaan, tetapi negara-kota yang mempertahankan desa-desa mereka
masih memiliki petani bebas bekerja petak kecil serta peternakan besar milik pemilik tanah kaya. Masyarakat pedesaan bangun pagi untuk mulai bekerja sebelum
panas hari, budidaya jenis yang sama dari tanaman dan hewan mereka
nenek moyang telah dengan alat-alat tangan sederhana yang sama dan binatang beban. The
tingkat teknologi adalah seperti bahwa mungkin sebanyak 80 persen dari semua orang dewasa
laki-laki dan perempuan, gratis serta budak, harus bekerja di tanah untuk menghasilkan
makanan yang cukup untuk mempertahankan populasi. Sepanjang rute internasional tertentu,
bagaimanapun, perdagangan melalui laut tidak berkembang. Puluhan ribu amphoras (besar
ceramicjars digunakan untuk mengangkut commoditiessuch minyak zaitun dan anggur) yang dibuat
di pulau Yunani Rhodes, misalnya, telah ditemukan di Ptolemaic
Egypt.Consortiurnsof pedagang asing berbalik pulau Aegean dari Delos
menjadi hub transportasi sibuk untuk cross-pengiriman barang, seperti
sepuluh ribu budak hari pelabuhan bisa menangani. Di kota-kota, perempuan miskin
dan laki-laki bisa bekerja pedagang kecil, pedagang, dan pengrajin memproduksi
barang-barang seperti alat-alat, tembikar, pakaian, dan furniture. Pria bisa mendaftar sebagai
tangan dek di kapal dagang yang berlayar Mediterania dan India
Oceans dalam mengejar keuntungan dari perdagangan.
Dalam Seleucid dan Ptolemaic kerajaan, bagian besar dari pedesaan
populasi ada dalam keadaan ketergantungan antara bebas dan budak. The
"bangsa," sebagaimana mereka disebut, bertani perkebunan milik raja,
yang merupakan kerajaan raja landowner.The terbesar teoritis mengklaim
hak atas seluruh tanah kerajaannya karena sudah, berikut terminologi Alexander penaklukan, "dimenangkan oleh tombak, "tetapi dalam prakteknya ia menyerahkan banyak wilayah untuk kota, kuil, dan individu disukai. Orang-orang yang tidak pemilik tanah tapi penyewa wajib. Meskipun mereka tidak bisa dijual seperti budak budak, mereka tidak diizinkan untuk pindah atau meninggalkan tenancies mereka. Mereka harus membayar kuota tertentu produksi per luas lahan untuk raja seperti sewa untuk sewa landlord.The itu cukup berat bahwa "bangsa" telah hampir tidak ada kesempatan untuk memperbaiki nasib ekonomi mereka dalam kehidupan.