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(Albuquerque, 2013) on recent years. Therefore, a major lessonto be learned from the discussion above is that researchersmust reconsider projects aiming at a mere elaboration oflists of species and their therapeutic indications. Such lists,and the various sources of bias they include, are increasinglyshowing their lack of relevance for bioprospecting purposes.The limitations pointed out in this study are not inherent toethnopharmacological research, but rather happen due to thelack of knowledge on the chosen tools. Every single scientificmethod has limitations, which leaves the researchers theresponsibility for applying theoretical and practical knowledgeto make the most appropriate choices, as well as to drawpertinent conclusionsAuthors’ contributionsUPA designed the study. All the authors contributed to criticalreading and writing of the manuscript, and have read the finalmanuscript and approved the submission.Conflicts of interestThe authors declare no conflicts of interest.AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank CNPq for the productivity grant given toUPA and financial support (Proc. 471989/2012-6), and CAPESfor the post-doctoral grant supporting JGM. They also thankthe anonymous reviewers for their pertinent critics andsuggestions.R eferencesAlbuquerque, U.P., Ramos, M.A., Melo, J.G., 2012. New strategiesfor drug discovery in tropical forests based on ethnobotanicaland chemical ecological studies. J. Ethnopharmacol. 140,197-201.Albuquerque, U.P., Hanazaki, N., 2006. As pesquisas etnodirigidasna descoberta de novos fármacos de interesse médicoe farmacêutico: fragilidades e perspectivas. Rev. Bras.Farmacogn. 16, 678-689.Albuquerque, U.P., Hanazaki, N., 2009. Five problems in currentethnobotanical research - and some suggestions forstrengthening them. Hum. Ecol. 37, 653-661.Albuquerque, U.P., 2013. How to improve the quality of scientificpublication in ethnobiology. Ethnobio. Conserv. 2, 1-5.Albuquerque, U.P., Lucena, R.F.P., Cunha, L.V.F.C., 2010. Métodose Técnicas na Pesquisa Etnobiológica e Etnoecológica. Recife:NUPEEA.Albuquerque, U.P., Lucena, R.F.P., Cunha, L.V.F.C., Alves, R.R.N.,2014. Methods and Techniques in Ethnobiology and Ethnoecology.Springer Protocols Handbooks. Berlin: Springer.Alexiades, M., 1996. Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research -a Field Manual. New York: New York Botanical Garden.Balick, M.J., Cox, P.A., 1996. Plants, people and culture: the science ofethnobotany. New York: HPHLP.
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