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IntroductionInterest in behaviors that have important impacts on our health and well being is based upontwo assumptions; (a) that a significant proportion of the mortality from the leading causes ofdeath is caused by the behavior of individuals, and (b) that such behavior is modifiable(Conner and Norman 1996). Behavior is held to exert its influence on health in three basicways: by producing direct biological changes, by conveying health risks or protecting againstthem, or by leading to the early detection or treatment of disease (Baum and Posluszny 1999).This chapter begins by offering a definition of health behavior and the different types ofhealth behavior. The prevalence of key health behaviors and their relationship to morbidityand mortality is then examined. The chapter then considers who performs these differentbehaviors, why they might do so, and how health enhancing behaviors might be encouragedand health impairing behaviors discouraged.
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