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every user interface—whether it is designed for a WebApp, a traditional software application, a consumer product, or an industrial device— should exhibit the following characteristics: easy to use, easy to learn, easy to navigate, intuitive, consistent, efficient, error-free, and functional. It should provide the end user with a satisfying and rewarding experi- ence. Interface design concepts, principles, and methods provide a Web
engineer with the tools required to achieve this list of attributes.
Interaction design for WebApps begins not with a consideration of technology or tools, but with a careful examination of the end user. Dur- ing analysis modeling (Chapter 7), a user hierarchy was developed. Each user category may have subtly different needs, may want to interact with the WebApp in different ways, and may require unique functionality and content. This information is derived during the communication activity (Chapter 4), may be refined during analysis modeling, and is revisited as the first step in interaction design.
Dix [Dix99] argues that you should design an interface so that it an- swers three primary questions for the end user:
Where am I? The interface should (1) provide an indication of the WebApp that has been accessed 1, and (2) inform users of their location in the content hierarchy.
What can I do now? The interface should always help users understand their current options—what functions are available, what links are live, what content is relevant?
Where have I been, where am I going? The interface must facilitate navi- gation. Hence, it must provide a “map” (implemented in a way that is easy to understand) of where users have been and what paths they may take to move elsewhere within the WebApp.
An effective WebApp interface must provide answers for each of these questions as end users navigate through content and functionality.
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