The index ranges from 0 to 15, representing ‘non-innovators’ on one end of the innovation continuum and ‘full innovators’ on the other. The score thus calculated allows us to capture both the nature or type (focus on process or product/service) and the scope (incremental or radical changes, i.e. refinement of existing products/services versus the production of new products/services) of the innovation activities in a single measure. The higher the score on the index, the more fundamental or transformational the innovation activity has been.