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In general, protein solubility of meat emulsions during manufacturing process is affected by various intrinsic (rawmeat pH and protein concentration) and extrinsic factors (e.g. additives, formulation, ionic strength, thermal treatment, and processing condition) (Choi et al., 2010, 2011). The protein solubility of meat emulsions formulated with pre-treated insect flours is shown in Table 4. All meat emulsions exhibited similar solubilities of total (14.89–18.25 mg/g), salt-soluble (9.56–11.44 mg/g) and water-soluble (6.54–5.35 mg/g) proteins (P N 0.05; Table 4), when 10% lean pork portion was replaced by each pre-treated insect flours. The cooking yield of control was 93.13%, which was significantly lower than insect treatments (94.75%–95.88%, Table 4). This resultwas probably due to the reduction in moisture content<br>ในการกำหนดเริ่มต้นโดยการเปลี่ยนเนื้อหมูยันกับแป้งแมลง
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