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Full terms and conditions of use:
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or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
British
Journal
of
Religious
Education
Vol.
32,
No.
3,
September
2010,
201–214
ISSN
0141-6200
print/ISSN
1740-7931
online
©
2010
Christian
Education
DOI:
10.1080/01416200.2010.498607
http://www.informaworld.com
Exploring
the
role
of
religion
and
spirituality
in
the
development
of
purpose:
case
studies
of
purposeful
youth
Kirsi
Tirri
a,b*
and
Brandy
Quinn
b
a
Department
of
Practical
Theology
,
University
of
Helsinki
,
PO
Box
33
(Aleksanterinkatu
7),
Helsinki
00014,
Finland;
b
Center
on
Adolescence,
Stanford
University,
CA,
USA
Taylor and Francis
CBRE_A_498607.sgm
(
Received
29
June
2009;
final
version
received
17
November
2009
)
10.1080/01416200.2010.498607
British Journal of Religious Education
0141-6200 (print)/1740-7931 (online)
Original Article
2010
Taylor & Francis
32
3
0000002010
KirsiTirri
ktirri@mappi.helsinki.fi
This
study
investigated
the
role
of
spirituality
and
religion
in
supporting
purpose
during
adolescence.
Two
case
studies
of
adolescents
who
were
coded
as
purposeful
in
the
religious
and/or
spiritual
domain
as
part
of
a
larger
study
at
the
Stanford
Centre
on
Adolescence
were
analysed
and
discussed.
The
results
showed
religion
and
spirituality
as
overlapping
domains
with
authenticity
to
self
as
expressed
though
spirituality
as
a
distinguishing
factor
between
the
two
cases.
Authenticity
fosters
one
of
the
key
elements
of
purpose

meaningfulness
to
the
self

but
only
if
done
with
equal
attention
to
the
world
beyond
the
self.
K
e
y
w
or
ds:
purpose;
adolescence;
spiritual
development
;
positive
youth
development;
religious
education
Introduction
Adolescents
all
over
the
world
have
spiritual
and
religious
concerns.
Their
questions
about
the
meaning
and
purpose
of
life
are
related
to
identity
forma-
tion.
Young
people
are
asking
questions
such
as
‘Who
am
I?’
‘Where
do
I
belong?’
‘What
is
my
purpose?’
‘To
whom
or
with
what
am
I
connected
or
responsible?’
(Tirri,
Tallent-Runnels,
and
Nokelainen
2005).
These
questions
point
to
an
opportunity
to
provide
ways
for
young
people
to
explore
their
developing
identities.
At
the
Stanford
Center
on
Adolescence,
purpose
has
been
examined
through
studies
with
young
people
across
the
USA.
Purpose
is
defined
as
a
stable,
long-
term
goal
to
contribute
to
the
world
beyond
the
self
that
is
also
meaningful
to
the
self
(Damon,
Menon,
and
Bronk
2003;
Damon
2008).
According
to
this
definition,
only
about
20%
of
youth
between
the
ages
of
12
and
22
are
purpose-
ful,
and
those
youth
express
purpose
to
varying
degrees
(Damon
2008).
In
this
paper
we
investigate
the
role
of
religion
and
spirituality
in
support-
ing
purpose
in
the
lives
of
adolescents
by
presenting
two
case
studies
of
*Corresponding
author.
Email:
ktirri@mappi.helsinki.fi
Downloaded By: [Tirri, Kirsi] At: 04:05 6 August 2010
202
K. Tirri and B. Quinn
ordinary
American
youth
with
purposes
related
to
religion
and/or
spirituality.
We
adhere
to
the
viewpoint
presented
by
Reich
(1996)
that
religion
and
spiri-
tuality
are
unique
domains
that
potentially
overlap
and
to
the
ideas
of
Hay
and
Nye
(1998)
and
Roehlkepartain
(2008)
who
suggest
that
spiritual
development
is
a
human
condition
that
may
or
may
not
be
fostered
within
a
traditional
reli-
gious
setting.
We
analyse
the
variation
of
spiritual
development
between
our
cases
and
reflect
on
the
developmental
importance
of
religious
and/or
spiritual
context
for
youth.
Religion
and
spirituality
Within
the
field
of
positive
youth
development,
spiritual
development
is
proposed
as
a
‘look
inward
to
create
and
recreate
a
link
between
“my
life”
and
“all
life”
...
a
constant,
active,
and
ongoing
process
to
create
and
re-create
harmony
between
the
“discoveries”
about
the
self
and
the
“discoveries”
about
the
nature
of
life-writ-large’
(Benson
2008,
viii–ix).
King
(2008)
suggests
that
spirituality
within
a
religious
community
might
be
fertile
ground
for
positive
youth
development
because
it
offers
a
way
to
explore
identity
in
the
rich
context
of
a
community
that
engages
the
larger
questions
of
life.
Following
the
thought
of
Reich
(1998),
spirituality
involves
transcendence
or
a
‘commitment
to
ideas
and/or
institutions
that
go
beyond
the
self
in
time
or
place’
(Lerner,
Roeser,
and
Phelps
2008,
7).
Religious
practice
may
emerge
from
spirituality
as
a
‘subordination
of
the
self
to
institutions
that
are
believed
to
have
relations
with
the
divine’
(Lerner,
Roeser,
and
Phelps
2008,
8).
Reich
(1998)
describes
reli-
giosity
by
noting
its
doctrine
about
the
divine,
organised
faith
and
prescribed
rituals.
Religion
is
usually
defined
as
the
organisational,
the
ritualistic
and
the
ideological
(Reich
1996).
The
spiritual
then
refers
to
the
personal,
the
affective,
the
experiential
and
the
thoughtful.
However,
one
can
be
quite
‘spiritual’
in
the
way
in
which
one
engages
with
a
religious
community
(Reich
1996).
Religion
and
spirituality
share
common
areas
but
also
have
their
own
boundaries
(Stifoss-Hanssen
1999),
an
understanding
foundational
to
this
study.
Spiritual
sensitivity
Hay
and
Nye
(1998)
identify
three
categories
of
spiritual
sensitivity.
Aware-
ness
sensing
indicates
an
experience
of
a
deeper
level
of
consciousness
when
we
choose
to
be
aware
by
‘paying
attention’
to
what
is
happening.
This
cate-
gory
coincides
with
Gardner’s
notion
of
being
‘spiritual
as
achievement
of
a
state
of
being’
(1999,
60).
According
to
Hay
and
Nye,
this
kind
of
awareness
refers
to
a
reflexive
process
of
being
attentive
towards
one’s
attention
or
‘being
aware
of
one’s
awareness’
(1998,
60).
The
second
category
of
spiritual
sensitivity
is
mystery
sensing
which
is
connected
to
our
capacity
to
transcend
the
everyday
experience
and
to
use
imagination.
For
instance,
the
experience
of
the
beauty
and
wonder
of
sunrise
Downloaded By: [Tirri, Kirsi] At: 04:05 6 August 2010
British Journal of Religious Education
203
and
sunset
include
a
sense
of
mystery
even
when
one
is
aware
of
the
scientific
explanations
of
such
phenomena.
Someone
who
has
a
strong
mystery
sensing
spiritual
sensitivity
accesses
the
ordinary
as
a
rich
symbol
of
the
sacred
and
profound.
This
category
relates
to
both
Gardner’s
(1999,
54–60)
understand-
ing
of
spiritual
intelligence
as
the
‘achievement
of
a
state
of
being’
and
the
‘concern
with
cosmic
or
existential
issues’
while
emphasising
the
mysterious
nature
of
such
experiences.
The
third
category
of
spiritual
sensitivity
is
value
sensing
.
This
category
emphasises
the
importance
of
feelings
as
a
measure
of
what
we
value.
Among
such
things
are
the
issues
that
touch
our
existential
questions
and
meaning
seeking
(Hay
and
Nye
1998,
70–4).
Meaning
is
a
subcategory
in
value
sensing
that
may
form
an
aspect
of
developing
spirituality.
According
to
Hay
and
Nye
(1998,
74),
a
task
for
spiritual
education
may
be
to
help
children
to
investigate
their
identity
and
to
delight
in
other
forms
of
meaning
making
and
meaning
sensing.
This
category
resembles
Gardner’s
definition
of
spiritual
intelligence
as
the
‘concern
with
cosmic
or
existent
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http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdfartikel ini dapat digunakan untuk penelitian, pengajaran dan tujuan studi pribadi. salah satu atau
reproduksi yang sistematis, re-distribusi, menjual kembali, pinjaman atau sub-lisensi, pasokan sistematis substansial atau distribusi
dalam bentuk apapun kepada siapa pun secara tegas dilarang.
penerbit tidak memberikan jaminan tersurat maupun tersirat atau membuat pernyataan apapun bahwa isi
akan lengkap atau akurat atau up to date. keakuratan segala instruksi, formula dan dosis obat
harus diverifikasi secara independen dengan sumber primer. penerbit tidak bertanggung jawab atas setiap kerugian,
tindakan, klaim, proses hukum, permintaan atau biaya atau kerusakan apapun atau apapun penyebabnya yang timbul secara langsung atau tidak langsung
sehubungan dengan atau yang timbul dari penggunaan bahan ini.

Inggrisdan jurnal pendidikan agama
0141-6200 (print) / 1740-7931 (online)

artikel asli 2010
taylor & francis
32
3
oleh: [Tirri, Kirsi] di: 04:05 6 Agustus 2010

202 k. Tirri dan b.oleh: [Tirri, Kirsi] di: 04:05 6 Agustus 2010
Inggris jurnal pendidikan agama

203 dan

sunset termasuk
a

rasa dari

misteri bahkan

ketika salah

adalah menyadari

dari

yang ilmiah
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Full terms and conditions of use:
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Artikel ini dapat digunakan untuk riset, pengajaran dan Pribadi tujuan studi. Substansial apapun atau
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British
Journal
of
Religious
Education
Vol.
32,
No.
3,
September
2010,
201–214
ISSN
0141-6200
Print/ISSN
1740-7931
online
©
2010
Christian
Education
Doi:
10.1080/01416200.2010.498607
http://www.informaworld.com
menjelajahi

peran
dari
agama
dan
spiritualitas
di

pengembangan
dari
tujuan:
kasus
studi
dari
tujuan
pemuda
Kirsi
Tirri
b, *
dan
brendi
Quinn
b

Departemen
dari
praktis
teologi
,
Universitas
dari
Helsinki
,
PO
kotak
33
(Aleksanterinkatu
7),
Helsinki
00014,
Finlandia;
b
pusat
pada
masa remaja,
Stanford
University,
CA,
USA
Taylor dan Francis
CBRE_A_498607.sgm
(
diterima
29
Juni
2009;
akhir
versi
menerima
17
November
2009
)
10.1080/01416200.2010.498607
British jurnal pendidikan agama
0141-6200 (cetak) / 1740-7931 (online)
artikel asli
2010
Taylor & Francis
32
3
0000002010
KirsiTirri
ktirri@mappi.helsinki.fi
This
study
investigated
the
role
of
spirituality
and
religion
in
supporting
purpose
during
adolescence.
Two
case
studies
of
adolescents
who
were
coded
as
purposeful
in
the
religious
and/or
spiritual
domain
as
part
of
a
larger
study
at
the
Stanford
Centre
on
Adolescence
were
analysed
and
discussed.
The
results
showed
religion
and
spirituality
as
overlapping
domains
with
authenticity
to
self
as
expressed
though
spirituality
as
a
distinguishing
factor
between
the
two
cases.
Authenticity
fosters
one
of
the
key
elements
of
purpose

meaningfulness
to
the
self

but
only
if
done
with
equal
attention
to
the
world
beyond
the
self.
K
e
y
w
or
ds:
purpose;
adolescence;
spiritual
development
;
positive
youth
development;
religious
education
Pengenalan
remaja
semua
atas

dunia
memiliki
rohani
dan
agama
keprihatinan.
mereka
pertanyaan
tentang

makna
dan
tujuan
dari
hidup
adalah
terkait
untuk
identitas
forma-
tion.
muda
orang
adalah
meminta
pertanyaan
seperti
sebagai
' yang
am
saya?'
' Mana
Apakah
I
milik?'
' Apa
adalah
saya
tujuan?'
' Untuk
siapa
atau
dengan
apa
am
I
terhubung
atau
bertanggung jawab?'
(Tirri,
Tallent-Runnels,
and
Nokelainen
2005).
ini
pertanyaan
titik
untuk

kesempatan
untuk
menyediakan
cara
untuk
muda
orang
untuk
menjelajahi
mereka
mengembangkan
identitas.
di

Stanford
pusat
pada
masa remaja,
tujuan
telah
telah
diteliti
melalui
studi
dengan
muda
orang
di

USA.
tujuan
adalah
didefinisikan
sebagai

stabil,
lama-
istilah
tujuan
untuk
berkontribusi
untuk

dunia
luar

diri
yang
adalah
juga
bermakna
untuk

diri
(Damon,
Menon,
and
Bronk
2003;
Damon
2008).
menurut
untuk
ini
definisi,
hanya
tentang
20%
dari
pemuda
antara

usia
dari
12
dan
22
adalah
tujuan-
ful,
dan
-
pemuda
Check
tujuan
untuk
berbagai
derajat
(Damon
2008).
di
ini
kertas
kami
menyelidiki

peran
dari
agama
dan
spiritualitas
di
dukungan-
ing
tujuan
di

kehidupan
dari
remaja
oleh
menyajikan
dua
kasus
studi
dari
* Corresponding
penulis.
Email:
ktirri@mappi.helsinki.fi
download oleh: [Tirri, Kirsi] di: 04:05 Oktober 2010
202
K. Tirri dan B. Quinn
biasa
American
pemuda
dengan
tujuan
terkait
untuk
agama
dan / atau
spiritualitas.
kami
mematuhi
untuk

sudut pandang
disajikan
oleh
Reich
(1996)
yang
agama
dan
sewaktu-
tuality
adalah
unik
domain
yang
berpotensi
tumpang tindih
dan
untuk

ide
dari
Hay
dan
Nye
(1998)
dan
Roehlkepartain
(2008)
yang
menyarankan
yang
rohani
pengembangan
adalah

manusia
kondisi
yang
mungkin
atau
mungkin
tidak
be
fostered
within
a
traditional
reli-
gious
setting.
We
analyse
the
variation
of
spiritual
development
between
our
cases
and
reflect
on
the
developmental
importance
of
religious
and/or
spiritual
context
for
youth.
Religion
and
spirituality
Within
the
field
of
positive
youth
development,
spiritual
development
is
proposed
as
a
‘look
inward
to
create
and
recreate
a
link
between
“my
life”
and
"semua
hidup"
...

konstan,
aktif,
dan
berkelanjutan
proses
untuk
membuat
dan
re-buat
harmoni
antara

"penemuan"
tentang

diri
dan

"penemuan"
tentang

alam
dari
hidup-writ-besar '
(Benson
2008,
viii–ix).
raja
(2008)
menunjukkan
yang
spiritualitas
dalam

agama
komunitas
mungkin
menjadi
subur
tanah
untuk
positif
pemuda
pengembangan
karena
itu
menawarkan

cara
untuk
menjelajahi
identitas
di

kaya
konteks
dari

komunitas
yang
melibatkan

besar
pertanyaan
dari
hidup.
berikut

pikir
dari
Reich
(1998),
spiritualitas
melibatkan
transendensi
atau

' komitmen
untuk
ide
dan / atau
lembaga
yang
pergi
luar

diri
di
waktu
atau
tempat '
(Lerner,
Roeser,
and
Phelps
2008,
7).
agama
praktek
mungkin
muncul
dari
spiritualitas
sebagai

' subordinasi
dari

diri
untuk
lembaga
yang
adalah
percaya
untuk
memiliki
hubungan
dengan

ilahi '
(Lerner,
Roeser,
and
Phelps
2008,
8).
Reich
(1998)
menggambarkan
dukung
giosity
oleh
mencatat
yang
doktrin
tentang

ilahi,
diselenggarakan
iman
dan
diresepkan
ritual.
agama
adalah
biasanya
didefinisikan
sebagai

organisasi,

ritual
dan

ideologis
(Reich
1996).

rohani
kemudian
merujuk
untuk

pribadi,

afektif,

pengalaman
dan

bijaksana.
Namun,
satu
dapat
menjadi
cukup
'rohani'
di

cara
di
yang
satu
melibatkan
dengan

agama
masyarakat
(Reich
1996).
agama
dan
spiritualitas
berbagi
umum
daerah
tetapi
juga
memiliki
mereka
sendiri
batas
(Faruq Stifoss
1999),

pemahaman
dasar
untuk
ini
studi.
rohani
sensitivitas
Hay
dan
Nye
(1998)
mengidentifikasi
tiga
kategori
dari
rohani
sensitivitas.
Aware-
ness
penginderaan
menunjukkan

pengalaman
dari

lebih
level
of
consciousness
when
we
choose
to
be
aware
by
‘paying
attention’
to
what
is
happening.
This
cate-
gory
coincides
with
Gardner’s
notion
of
being
‘spiritual
as
achievement
of
a
state
of
being’
(1999,
60).
According
to
Hay
and
Nye,
this
kind
of
awareness
refers
to
a
reflexive
process
of
being
attentive
towards
one’s
attention
or
‘being
aware
of
one’s
awareness’
(1998
60).

kedua
kategori
dari
rohani
sensitivitas
adalah
misteri
penginderaan
yang
adalah
terhubung
untuk
kami
kapasitas
untuk
melampaui

sehari-hari
pengalaman
dan
untuk
menggunakan
imajinasi.
untuk
contoh,

pengalaman
dari

Kecantikan
dan
bertanya-tanya
dari
matahari terbit
download oleh: [Tirri, Kirsi] di: 04:05 Oktober 2010
jurnal pendidikan agama Inggris
203
dan
matahari terbenam
termasuk

rasa
dari
misteri
bahkan
ketika
satu
adalah
sadar
dari

ilmiah
explanations
of
such
phenomena.
Someone
who
has
a
strong
mystery
sensing
spiritual
sensitivity
accesses
the
ordinary
as
a
rich
symbol
of
the
sacred
and
profound.
This
category
relates
to
both
Gardner’s
(1999,
54–60)
understand-
ing
of
spiritual
intelligence
as
the
‘achievement
of
a
state
of
being’
and
the
‘concern
with
cosmic
or
existential
issues’
while
emphasising
the
mysterious
nature
dari
seperti
pengalaman.

ketiga
kategori
dari
rohani
sensitivitas
adalah
nilai
penginderaan
.
ini
kategori
menekankan

pentingnya
dari
perasaan
sebagai

ukuran
dari
apa
kami
nilai.
antara
seperti
hal
adalah

masalah
yang
touch
kami
eksistensial
pertanyaan
dan
makna
mencari
(Hay
and
Nye
1998,
70–4).
makna
adalah

subkategori
di
nilai
penginderaan
yang
mungkin
bentuk

aspek
dari
mengembangkan
spiritualitas.
menurut
untuk
Hay
dan
Nye
(1998,
74),

tugas
untuk
rohani
pendidikan
mungkin
menjadi
untuk
membantu
anak
untuk
menyelidiki
mereka
identitas
dan
untuk
menyenangkan
di
lain
bentuk
dari
makna
membuat
dan
makna
penginderaan.
ini
kategori
menyerupai
Gardner
definisi
dari
rohani
intelijen
sebagai

' keprihatinan
dengan
kosmik
atau
wujud
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