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Company ABC decides to borrow $10 million in the bond market. The bond's coupon rate is 8%. Company analysts believe interest rates will go down during the 7 year term of the bonds. To take advantage of lower rates in the future, ABC issues callable bonds.Under the terms of the bonds (the "indenture"), ABC has the option to call the bonds (meaning, pay them back) any time after year 3. However, if ABC decides to exercise its right to call, it needs to pay bondholders $102 for every $100 of principal.Let's assume that in year 4, interest rates fall to 6%. ABC exercises its right to redeem the bonds. It borrows money from a bank at 6% and pays back the 8% bonds.Even though ABC had to spend $10.2 million to pay back its current bondholders, it will benefit going forward because future interest payments will be only $612,000 per year ($10,200,000 * 6%) vs. $800,000 per year ($10,000,000*8%).
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