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Thai) 1: 
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Modification of caecal bacterial population by adding purslaneextracts to broiler chicken diet has been previously shown (Wanget al., 1999; Ke et al., 2003; Zhao et al., 2013; Ghorbani et al., 2014).Zhao et al. (2013) reported that adding 0.2 or 0.4% of purslane extractto broiler chicken diet increased caecal populations of Lactobacillusand Bifidobacterium and decreased E. coli quantities at d 28and 42 of age. Hence, they suggested that improved broiler chickenperformance was associated to an improvement in the intestinalmicrobial populations. In the study conducted by Ghorbani et al.(2014), the inclusion of 0.01, 0.02, or 0.03% of purslane hydroalcoholicextract to broiler chicken diet did not affect caecal coliformand E. coli population quantities, but Lactobacillus populationquantities increased. In agreement with these studies, in the presentstudy, the addition of POP by increasing Lactobacillus populationsand decreasing of E. coli populations had beneficial influenceson the gut microbiology, hence led to improvement in feed effi-ciency of broiler chickens fed POP supplemented diets. Zhang andBao (2006) also reported that the broiler chickens fed with purslaneoligosaccharides had greater intestinal Bifidobacterium populationswhen compared to control broiler chickens. Furthermore, phenoliccomponents of plant extracts such as resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol,kaempferol, quercetin, apigenin and several phenolic acids haveshown antibacterial properties on various pathogenic microorganisms(Cai et al., 2004; Si et al., 2006).Zhao et al. (2013) showed that the effects of purslane extracts ongrowth performance and intestine microbiology of broilers improvedby increasing the level of the herb. In the present study, increasingPOP level up to 1.0% diet, reduced Lactobacillus populations and increasedE. coli populations compared to other dietary treatments,which was a reversed effect of the greater inclusion level of this herbin comparison with the lower POP levels (Zhao et al., 2013). Thereforein agreement with the results of Zhao et al. (2013), it seems that increasingdosage of purslane to broiler chicken diets is not alwaysappropriate. The improvement of intestinal microbial populations andprebiotic properties are the reasons behind improved FCR of broilerchickens by this natural additive candidate.
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