The substitution of noncash (check, giro, and credit and debit card) p translation - The substitution of noncash (check, giro, and credit and debit card) p Indonesian how to say

The substitution of noncash (check,

The substitution of noncash (check, giro, and credit and debit card) payments for cash transactions is difficult to gauge because there are no data series on the actual value or volume of cash transactions in any country. However, determining the degree of cash substitution is important because it will negatively affect the central banks’ and governments’ seigniorage revenue. We utilise a novel method for approximating the volume of cash transactions using public information on currency stocks and noncash payments. Applying this method, we estimate how cash has been substituted by other payment instruments in 10 European countries. We also provide a forecast of future cash use by country. We find that the trend in cash substitution across countries is quite similar. However, the countries themselves are at significantly different stages of this substitution process. The spread of debit and credit card payments has been the key factor behind the substitution away from cash as use of e-cash innovation is still in its infancy. Country-specific differences in the substitution process are largely explained by differences in the level of implementation of each country’s card payment technology.
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The substitution of noncash (check, giro, and credit and debit card) payments for cash transactions is difficult to gauge because there are no data series on the actual value or volume of cash transactions in any country. However, determining the degree of cash substitution is important because it will negatively affect the central banks’ and governments’ seigniorage revenue. We utilise a novel method for approximating the volume of cash transactions using public information on currency stocks and noncash payments. Applying this method, we estimate how cash has been substituted by other payment instruments in 10 European countries. We also provide a forecast of future cash use by country. We find that the trend in cash substitution across countries is quite similar. However, the countries themselves are at significantly different stages of this substitution process. The spread of debit and credit card payments has been the key factor behind the substitution away from cash as use of e-cash innovation is still in its infancy. Country-specific differences in the substitution process are largely explained by differences in the level of implementation of each country’s card payment technology.
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Substitusi non kas (cek, giro, dan kredit dan kartu debit) pembayaran untuk transaksi tunai adalah sulit untuk mengukur karena tidak ada data seri pada nilai aktual atau volume transaksi tunai di negara manapun. Namun, menentukan derajat substitusi kas ini penting karena akan berdampak negatif pendapatan seigniorage bank sentral dan pemerintah '. Kami menggunakan metode baru untuk mendekati volume transaksi tunai menggunakan informasi publik pada saham mata uang dan pembayaran non-kas. Menerapkan metode ini, kami memperkirakan bagaimana uang telah diganti dengan alat pembayaran lainnya di 10 negara Eropa. Kami juga menyediakan perkiraan masa penggunaan kas negara. Kami menemukan bahwa tren di substitusi kas di negara sangat mirip. Namun, negara-negara sendiri pada berbagai tahap signifikan dari proses substitusi ini. Penyebaran pembayaran debit dan kartu kredit telah menjadi faktor kunci di balik substitusi dari uang tunai penggunaan inovasi e-cash masih dalam masa pertumbuhan. Perbedaan-negara tertentu dalam proses substitusi sebagian besar disebabkan oleh perbedaan tingkat penerapan teknologi pembayaran kartu masing-masing negara.
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